Failure wave effects in hypervelocity penetration

Penetration and failure of lead and borosilicate glass against rod impact

“…R T ½¼ 1 2 r p ðv p À uÞ 2 À 1 2 r t u 2 À Y p is calculated from the u and v c ½ ðv p À uÞ values in Tables 2 and 3, with Y p ¼ 0 for the Au rod. These data suggest that for very high v p the distance between the failure front and the tip of the rod approaches zero and R T converges to the maximum value of the unfailed glass, similar to the behavior of soda-lime glass [24]. The increase in the Tate term with increasing impact velocity is consistent with the interpretation that the rod tip ''senses'' that there is less and less comminuted material (and more intact material) with increasing v P ; and therefore, the penetration resistance increases.…”

“…[1,24], the failure behavior of soda-lime glass for W-alloy rod impact is investigated. Values of 1.4 and 2.4-2.6 km/s are reported for v F at impact velocities v p of 1 and 3.1-4.1 km/s, respectively.…”

Review of experimental techniques for high rate deformation and shock studies

“…claim that in some brittle materials (such as alumina) failure does not propagate very far into the material from the impact surface [202][203][204], although others claim this may be a measurement artefact [205,206]. A few researchers have linked failure fronts to resistance to ballistic or hypervelocity impact [201,[207][208][209].…”

Recent Representative IAT Studies in Hypervelocity Penetration Mechanics With Bibliographies

“…It lies in the range 2.4 to 2.6 km/s. These results are reported in two joint IAT-Russian papers: Zilberbrand et al, 1999;and Satapathy et al, 1999.…”