Faktor Risiko Stunting pada anak di Negara Berkembang

Abstract

Background: The problem of stunting occurs in developing countries including Indonesia. In Indonesia the prevalence of child stunting is 30.8%, still above the world prevalence, which is 22.2%. The prevalence of stunting in sub-Saharan Africa is 34.5%, in Ethiopia is 52.4%, and the prevalence of stunting in Congo is 40%. While WHO stipulates that nutrition problems should not exceed 20%. Stunting could inhibit linear growth, development and degenerative diseases later in adulthood.Objective: This review discussed the risk factors of child stunting in developing countries.Discusion: One of the causes of increased stunting in children was due to inadequate nutritional intake in a long period. Stunting was often not realized by parents and only visible after the age of 2 due to low stature. Based on the results of the literature review the likelihood of stunting in developing country were: 16.43 times morelikely due to low birth length, 3.27 times higher due to maternal education, 2.45 times higher if the children were living in rural area, 4.5 times higher due to low birth weight, no risk Antenatal Care increase the risk 3.4 times, 6.38 times higher due to no immunization, and no exclusive breastfeeding increase the risk of stunting 4.0 times.Conclusion: The risk factor for child stunting in developing countries are exclusive breastfeeding, socioeconomic, low birth weight, length of birth, low maternal education, infectious disease.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Masalah stunting (stunting) yang terjadi di Negara Berkembang seperti Indonesia masih tinggi yaitu 30,8% masih di atas dunia yaitu 22,2%. Stunting di sub sahara Afrika 34,5%, di Ethiopia 52,4%, prevalensi stunting di Congo 40%. Word Health Organization sudah menentukan bahwa terjadinya masalah gizi suatu negara sebaiknya kurang dari 20%. Stunting memiliki risiko gangguan pertumbuhan, perkembangan dan penyakit degeneratif pada usia dewasa nanti.Tujuan: Review ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risikos apa saja yang dapat menentukan terjadinya stunting anak di Negara berkembang.Ulasan: Berdasarkan dari beberapa hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa salah satu penyebab stunting pada anak adalah karena tidak terpenuhinya gizi yang baik pada kurun waktu yang panjang dan sering kali tidak disadari oleh orang tuanya sehingga setelah anak usia di atas 2 tahun baru terlihat bahwa anaknya mengalami stunting. Berdasarkan hasil literatur review menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko terjadinya stunting adalah panjang lahir berisiko 16,43 kali, pendidikan ibu yang rendah berisiko 3,27 kali, serta anak yang tinggal di desa berisiko 2,45 kali, BBLR berisiko 4,5 kali, tidak ANC berisiko 3,4 kali, tidak imunisasi berisiko 6,38 kali, dan tidak ASI Eksklusif berisiko 4,0 kali adalah merupakan faktor risiko stunting anak di negara berkembang.Kesimpulan: Hasil sintesis ini secara konsisten yang menjadi faktor risikos terjadinya stunting pada anak di negara berkembang adalah tidak diberikan ASI eksklusif, sosial ekonomi, berat bayi lahir rendah, panjang lahir, pendidikan ibu rendah, penyakit infeksi.

Risk Factors of Stunting in Developing Countries: A Scoping Review

“…Indonesia is one of the countries with a high prevalence of stunting compared to other middle-income countries such as Malaysia (20%) and Thailand (10.5%) [5], [6]. The WHO data in 2015-2017 stated that Indonesia ranked as the third-highest in the Southeast Asia region with a 36.4% [7] stunting incident.…”

“…The data are still far from the WHO target which is expected to decrease by 20%. Stunting problems that occur in developing countries such as Indonesia will be a public health problem that must be taken seriously and continuously [6].…”

Gambaran Penyebab Balita Stunting di Desa Lokus Stunting Kabupaten Pati

“…Hingga saat ini, stunting masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Penurunan angka stunting dari tahun ke tahun belum signifikan (Budiastutik & Rahfiludin, 2019…”

Providing Education for a Mother in Stunting Prevention: A Collaborative Study through Action Research

“…Moreover, in developing countries such as Indonesia, it was still fluctuating from 2007 to 2017. The prevalence of stunting in toddlers in Indonesia was 36.8% in 2007, 35.6% in 2010, 37.3% in 2013, and 29.6% in 2017 [18], and the stunting rate in 2018 was still high at 30.8% [19], [20]. Growth failure often begins in the womb and proceeds for at least the first 2 years of postnatal life [21].…”