Feedstock Suitability for Thermochemical Processes

Kataki, Rupam; Chutia, Rahul Singh; Mishra, Mridusmita; Bordoloi, Neonjyoti; Saikia, Ruprekha; Bhaskar, Thallada

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63289-0.00002-8

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…The most practiced thermochemical conversion of biomass industrially is combustion process, which is used for heat and electricity generation. Most of biomass thermochemical conversions were carried out with or without the use of catalysts, though the use of catalyst has distinct effects on the end-products [10].…”

Section: Thermochemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomass Conversion Technologies for Bioenergy Generation: An Introduction

Garba¹

2021

Biotechnological Applications of Biomass

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Over the last century, there has been increasing debate concerning the use of biomass for different purposes such as foods, feeds, energy fuels, heating, cooling and most importantly biorefinery feedstock. The biorefinery products were aimed to replace fossil fuels and chemicals as they are renewable form of energy. Biomass is a biodegradable product from agricultural wastes and residues, forestry and aquaculture. Biomass could be sourced from a variety of raw materials such as wood and wood processing by-products, manure, fractions of organic waste products and agricultural crops. As a form of renewable energy, they have the advantages of easy storage, transportation, flexible load utilization and versatile applications. The aim of this study is to provide an overview for thermochemical and biochemical biomass conversion technologies that were employed currently. Attention was also paid to manufacture of biofuels because of their potentials as key market for large-scale green sustainable biomass product.

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Section: Thermochemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, feedstock with low volatile contents are preferred for partial oxidation gasification, while those with high volatile content are more suitable for indirect gasification process [12]. Thermochemical conversion processes and end products [10].…”

Section: Gasificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass Conversion Technologies for Bioenergy Generation: An Introduction

Garba¹

2021

Biotechnological Applications of Biomass

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“…Paper is a heterogeneous mixture of fibre plant material-mostly cellulose, hemicellulose and, in smaller quantities, lignin or various compounds of lignin (Na-lignate) and inorganic compounds (filler). The fibre in newsprint is composed of 45.6% cellulose, 31.3% hemicellulose, and 23.1% lignin [36]. In paper production, to improve surface characteristics of paper, the following chemical compounds are used as precipitators and stabilizers: aluminium sulphate, aluminium chloride hydroxide, aluminium formiate, aluminium nitrate, and sodium aluminium components [37].…”

Section: Basic Information About the Burning Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Influence of the Fuel Type on Element Behaviour in Domestic Boilers with Respect to the Circular Economy

et al. 2021

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The use of waste from the regional production of waste wood, waste paper, and cardboard in the form of briquettes may be causing an increase in local emissions, both of major elements and trace elements. When burning paper and cardboard briquettes, more than 70% of Mn, Zn, As, and Pb is released into the air from the total content of trace elements in the fuel. The largest amounts of major and trace elements are released when burning paper briquettes (56 g/kg of fuel); half of these amounts are released from burning briquettes from waste wood and coal (23 g/kg of fuel). The pursuit of alternative uses for those cardboard components that are not suitable for recycling cannot be directed to the production of briquettes for residential combustion in the framework of the application of the principles of the circular economy. In particular, the high concentrations of undesirable elements in the emissions released in the gas phase into the atmosphere are an obstacle existing even when the parameters of the PM10 emissions of a boiler are met. This is related to the high ash content of the cardboard (13.5%). Waste paper or cardboard could be added to waste wood at a maximum of 10% to make the pollution produced comparable to the burning of coal briquettes.

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“…Catalytic pyrolysis can effectively convert second-generation feedstocks (lignocellulose, waste oils, fats, algae, agricultural and forest residues, etc.) into bio-oil or pyrolysis oil [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The potential for the use of biomass resources of second-generation feedstocks in Europe is very high [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the major components of bio-oil [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][9][10][11][12][13][14] is organic acids. Currently, some of them, including acetic, valeric, levulinic (γ-ketovaleric acid), 2,5 furan dicarboxylic acids, etc., are considered as key-building platforms in biomass conversion technologies [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]12,14]. The upgrading of bio-derived carboxylic acids has great economic, social and environmental advantages compared with the traditional use of fossil hydrocarbon resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids into Symmetric Ketones over Ceria-Based Catalysts: Kinetics, Isotope Effect and Mechanism

2020

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Ketonization is a promising way for upgrading bio-derived carboxylic acids from pyrolysis bio-oils, waste oils, and fats to produce high value-added chemicals and biofuels. Therefore, an understanding of its mechanism can help to carry out the catalytic pyrolysis of biomass more efficiently. Here we show that temperature-programmed desorption mass spectrometry (TPD-MS) together with linear free energy relationships (LFERs) can be used to identify catalytic pyrolysis mechanisms. We report the kinetics of the catalytic pyrolysis of deuterated acetic acid and a reaction series of linear and branched fatty acids into symmetric ketones on the surfaces of ceria-based oxides. A structure–reactivity correlation between Taft’s steric substituent constants Es* and activation energies of ketonization indicates that this reaction is the sterically controlled reaction. Surface D3-n-acetates transform into deuterated acetone isotopomers with different yield, rate, E≠, and deuterium kinetic isotope effect (DKIE). The obtained values of inverse DKIE together with the structure–reactivity correlation support a concerted mechanism over ceria-based catalysts. These results demonstrate that analysis of Taft’s correlations and using simple equation for estimation of DKIE from TPD-MS data are promising approaches for the study of catalytic pyrolysis mechanisms on a semi-quantitative level.

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Feedstock Suitability for Thermochemical Processes

Cited by 25 publications

References 167 publications

Biomass Conversion Technologies for Bioenergy Generation: An Introduction

Biomass Conversion Technologies for Bioenergy Generation: An Introduction

An Influence of the Fuel Type on Element Behaviour in Domestic Boilers with Respect to the Circular Economy

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids into Symmetric Ketones over Ceria-Based Catalysts: Kinetics, Isotope Effect and Mechanism

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