Filling schemes at submicron scale: Development of submicron sized plasmonic colour filters

Rajasekharan, Ranjith; Balaur, Eugeniu; Minovich, Alexander; Collins, Sean S. E.; James, Timothy D.; Djalalian-Assl, Amir; Ganesan, Kumaravelu; Tomljenovic‐Hanic, Snjezana; Kandasamy, Sasikaran; Skafidas, Efstratios; Neshev, Dragomir N.; Mulvaney, Paul; Roberts, Ann; Prawer, S.

doi:10.1038/srep06435

Cited by 60 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Among these examples are color filters based on plasmonics; filters which rely on the resonant interaction between incident photo ns and the free-electrons of nanoscale metal structures. Thus far, filters based on positive nanostructures, [4,7,9,[11][12][13][14][15] filters based on cavity apertures, [2,[16][17][18] and filters which combine both strategies [8] have been shown, each with distinct fabrication and geometrical solutions to achieving color "nanopixels" for selective white-light separation. Plasmonic pixels, in their various forms, hold several advantages reactive ion etching, and inductively coupled plasma deposition).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic Color Filters as Dual‐State Nanopixels for High‐Density Microimage Encoding

Heydari

Sperling

Neale

et al. 2017

Adv Funct Materials

116

110

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Plasmonic color filtering has provided a range of new techniques for "printing" images at resolutions beyond the diffraction-limit, significantly improving upon what can be achieved using traditional, dye-based filtering methods. Here, a new approach to high-density data encoding is demonstrated using full color, dual-state plasmonic nanopixels, doubling the amount of information that can be stored in a unit-area. This technique is used to encode two data sets into a single set of pixels for the first time, generating vivid, near-full sRGB (standard Red Green Blue color space)color images and codes with polarization-switchable information states. Using a standard optical microscope, the smallest "unit" that can be read relates to 2 × 2 nanopixels (370 nm × 370 nm). As a result, dual-state nanopixels may prove significant for long-term, high-resolution optical image encoding, and counterfeit-prevention measures. over their microscale, dye-based counterparts. Chief among these are their subwavelength dimensions (leading to ultradense, ultrathin pixel arrays), and their long-term environmental stability (they do not degrade or fade over time due to radiation exposure). As a result, plasmonic filters have been positioned as new technological solutions for subwavelength color printing, [1,4,[7][8][9]12] anticounterfeiting measures, [19,20] and RGB splitting for image sensors; [2,17,21,22] thus representing one of the most promising, technologically relevant areas of current plasmonic research activity. Here, we explore a new application of polarizationcontrolled plasmonic filters: dual output, full-color optical image encoding. Recent developments in the engineering and manipulation of materials on the nanoscale have given rise to a number of new techniques with the potential for physically encoding data and images into optically readable volumes and surfaces. [23,24] Using semiconductor quantum dots, [25][26][27] graphene, [28] and various super-resolution lithography techniques, [29][30][31][32][33][34] researchers are demonstrating novel 2D and 3D techniques that may enable the next generation of optical storage and encoding technologies. Plasmonic particles and filters have also seen applications in these research areas, with the aforementioned image encoding examples having been joined by demonstrations of their use in optical data storage. [23,24,[35][36][37] Here, we show a new utilization of image encoding using polarization multiplexed plasmonic filters, where, unlike previous studies that employed color or position switching in fixed images, [14,38] we show that two arbitrary, full-color images can be encoded into a single array of pixels. Our individual pixels are comprised of asymmetric cross-shaped nanoapertures in a thin film of aluminum. Each aperture is engineered to exhibit two independent plasmonic resonances which can be tuned across the sRGB (standard Red Green Blue) color-space (a single pixel can be encoded with any two arbitrary colors). We go on to show that by using the smallest visible unit ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic Color Filters as Dual‐State Nanopixels for High‐Density Microimage Encoding

Heydari

Sperling

Neale

et al. 2017

Adv Funct Materials

116

110

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“…In contrast, filters based on the phenomenon of localized surface plasmons (LSPs) provide an opportunity to decrease the pixel size to micrometer or even sub‐micrometer dimensions . It was shown recently that plasmonic nanoantenna structures based on the principals of a perfect absorber can be used to create CMY color filters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate a compact, low‐cost color sensor incorporating monolithically integrated nanoscale thickness plasmonic antennas that are fabricated in the same technological process with photodetector matrix. Although color transmission filters have been introduced onto monochrome pixelated sensors to permit color sensitivity, there have been few reports of monolithic integration of filters into silicon sensors. One of the biggest challenges is associated with a high refractive index of silicon as it is known to have a significant effect on the wavelength of plasmonic resonances and this must be incorporated into the design of the filter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultracompact Camera Pixel with Integrated Plasmonic Color Filters

Panchenko

Wesemann

Gómez

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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such as point-of-care devices and endoscopy where cameras with high resolution, speed, and sensitivity are important. Cameras with an extended wavelength sensitivity into the ultraviolet, near-infrared (IR), and deep infrared regions of the spectrum [3,4] are also becoming more widely used.The pixel is an elementary unit of the digital camera and its size imposes a fundamental constraint on the amount of information that can be recorded on a sensor with a certain area. Since compact, highresolution sensors are of greatest interest for portable devices such as mobile phones and digital cameras, a significant effort has been made in improving the image quality provided by small-area sensors. [5,6] Various technological approaches such as deep trench isolation [7] and back side illumination [8] were proposed to reduce the pixel size below 1.2 µm. Although there has been remarkable success in recent years, [9] reducing the pixel size still faces challenges in implementation and requires improvements in current technology to meet the demand for ultracompact image sensors. The operating principle of the majority of commercially available color camera sensors is based on the design shown in Figure 1a. The incoming light passes through a mosaic filter with a particular color pattern. The color filters usually incorporate dyes or pigments and transmit a particular wavelength spectrum while the remainder is absorbed. [10] These filters provide wavelength selectivity since the sensor itself has a broad wavelength response. The filtered light is then incident on an array of photodetectors. Each cell represents a single pixel and is dedicated to sensing a certain part of the visible spectrum in one region of the image. Figure 1b shows a schematic representation of cross sections through three pixels each responsible for detection of either red, green, or blue regions of the visible spectrum. The filters and the photodetector integrated circuit are fabricated separately and subsequently combined in a separate step. As the pixel size decreases, the alignment of these layers becomes challenging. Moreover, the requirement for two different fabrication processes as well as additional alignment steps increases the final cost of the camera matrix.In contrast, filters based on the phenomenon of localized surface plasmons (LSPs) provide an opportunity to decrease the pixel size to micrometer or even sub-micrometer Photodetector size imposes a fundamental limit on the amount of information that can be recorded by an image sensor. Compact, highresolution sensors are generally preferred for portable electronic devices such as mobile phones and digital cameras, and as a result, a significant effort has been invested in improving the image quality provided by small-area image sensors. Reducing photodetector size, however, still faces challenges in implementation requiring improvements in current technology to meet the demand for ultracompact imaging systems such as cameras. An issue with a decrease in size is associated with photodetectors...

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“…Authors have investigated the use of different metals (Au [2], Ag [3][4][5][6][7][8], Al [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]) and various aperture forms such as lines [4,5,10,24], circles [7, 9, 11, 14-16, 21, 25], triangles [12] and crosses [17,18,23]. Alternatively, a similar filtering behaviour can also be achieved by the formation of subwavelength metal islands [8,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large area manufacturing of plasmonic colour filters using substrate conformal imprint lithography

et al. 2017

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This work presents the large area fabrication of plasmonic colour filters consisting of subwavelength apertures in aluminium films of different thicknesses. Wafer-scale pattern transfer was realized by a soft lithography technique (substrate conformal imprint lithography). The fabricated colour filters have an active area of up to 145 cm2 which presents a considerable increase compared to previously published results. In addition to experimental investigations, simulations of the transmission behaviour were performed using a rigorous electromagnetic field solver based on an extended RCWA approach. Furthermore, the use of a spin-coated cover layer consisting of the UV-curable hybrid polymer OrmoComp® instead of often applied PECVD-SiO2 was investigated.

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Filling schemes at submicron scale: Development of submicron sized plasmonic colour filters

Cited by 60 publications

References 30 publications

Plasmonic Color Filters as Dual‐State Nanopixels for High‐Density Microimage Encoding

Plasmonic Color Filters as Dual‐State Nanopixels for High‐Density Microimage Encoding

Ultracompact Camera Pixel with Integrated Plasmonic Color Filters

Large area manufacturing of plasmonic colour filters using substrate conformal imprint lithography

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