First Report of Leaf Spot of <i>Hemarthria altissima</i> Caused by <i>Bipolaris zeae</i> in China

Xue, Lian; Liu, Y.; Wu, Wenxian; Liang, Junying; Zhang, L.; Huang, Xiao‐Chen; Zhou, X. Q.; Johnson, Richard D.; Li, Chunjie; Wang, J. J.; Hu, Jinling

doi:10.1094/pdis-01-16-0109-pdn

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…It is important to comment that all these sequences correspond to different species of fungi of the genera Bipolaris/Cochliobolus that cause pathologies in one or several plant species with economic importance to humans [1]. The isolated Agave strains selected the A. salmiana plants as a new host, and they presented similar symptoms to those observed in other plant species attacked by different strains of B. zeae [6,11,45,68]. This result is probably attributed to the nucleotide changes observed in the sequences of B. zeae isolated from A. salmiana plants with respect to the other sequences of B. zeae isolated from different plant species obtained from the NCBI GenBank database.…”

Section: Molecular Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…For its part, B. zeae causes brown spots in Fagopyrum esculentum, most commonly on the lower leaves, where the spots initially were light brown with an irregular border and pale brown center, and older spots become dark brown and often coalesced [11]. Small, irregular, pale-brown lesions on middle and lower leaves were found on Hemarthria altissima, which became dark brown to yellow over time, spreading to all parts of the plant [45]. Other Bipolaris species, such as Bipolaris microstegii, also cause ellipsoidal to irregular leaf spots in Microstegium vimineum plants, which are brown with a darker near-black border [46].…”

Section: Morphological Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First Report of Leaf Spot Disease (“Negrilla”) on Agave salmiana Otto Ex Salm-Dyck (ssp. salmiana) Plants Caused by Bipolaris zeae Zivan in Mexico

Romero-Cortes,

Pérez España,

Pescador-Rojas

et al. 2024

Agronomy

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Agave genera include slow-growing plants with cultural and economic roots dating back to pre-Columbian times in Mexico. Several species have a widespread presence in the country and are cultivated and/or used directly from the field to obtain various derived products. Agave salmiana is widely used in the region of the High Valleys of Apan, Hidalgo, Mexico. However, fungal diseases are causing considerable losses to Agave crops. For this reason, fungi strains from maguey plants from Apan, Hidalgo, with “Negrilla” disease symptoms were isolated and identified morphologically and molecularly. The results provide information on a new disease disseminated in A. salmiana plants, which causes symptoms such as black spots on the leaves due to pathogenic fungi of the genera Bipolaris. The morphological and molecular characterization located the phytopathogenic fungus as new isolates of Bipolaris zeae. Finally, the re-isolation of the causal agent of the disease was achieved in all pathogenicity tests, verifying that the symptoms observed in the maguey plants were caused by B. zeae, thus corroborating Koch’s postulates, and constituting the first report of this fungus as a pathogen of A. salmiana in Mexico.

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Section: Molecular Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Morphological Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Report of Leaf Spot Disease (“Negrilla”) on Agave salmiana Otto Ex Salm-Dyck (ssp. salmiana) Plants Caused by Bipolaris zeae Zivan in Mexico

Romero-Cortes,

Pérez España,

Pescador-Rojas

et al. 2024

Agronomy

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First Report of Leaf Spot Disease on Fagopyrum esculentum Caused by Bipolaris zeae in China

Chen

Wang

et al. 2021

Plant Disease

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Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), a dicotyledonous plant in family Polygonaceae, is recognized as a valuable nutritional source of fatty acids, phytosterols, phenolic compounds and tocopherols. It has received increased attention as a so-called “functional food” in China. During scouting of common buckwheat in August and September 2018, unfamiliar symptoms were observed on leaves in 20 fields in Yanchi County, Ningxia, China, with 35% incidence and moderate to high severity across the field. Brown spots most commonly occurred on lower leaves of buckwheat beginning in late July. The spots were initially light brown with an irregular border and pale brown center. Older spots were almost dark brown, and often coalesced although spots were restricted by veins. Symptomatic leaf samples were collected in late-August, and washed with flowing water for 2 min. Tissue samples were excised from the margins of the lesions and sterilized with 75% ethanol for 20 s and 0.1% NaClO for 2 min, before being rinsed with sterilized water four times, dried on sterile paper towels, and cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar medium at 20 °C. After 48 to 72 h, hyphae grew from tissue pieces. The obtained isolates were purified using the single-spore isolation technique. A total of thirteen isolates were recovered and characterized. Colonies of all isolates on PDA were identical, and were pale brown to brown, velvety, with irregular borders. Hyphae were hyaline to brown, branched, septate, smooth, sometimes verruculose, 3-7 μm wide. Conidiophores were (83-297) µm×(5.5-9) µm (avg. 205 µm×8 µm, n=30), dark brown, cylindrical, straight to slightly flexuous, geniculate at the upper end, septate, single, smooth. Conidia were rostrate, obclavate, straight to slightly curved, hyaline to pale brown when immature and brown to reddish brown when mature, and measured (38-104) µm×(11-19) µm (avg. 67 µm×16 µm, n=50). End cells were often paler than middle cells and with a thick dark hilum. Based on the cultural and morphological characteristic, these isolates are preliminary identified as Bipolaris zeae (Manamgoda et al., 2014; Sivanesan, 1985). Genomic DNA of the representative isolate qyj-5A was extracted and amplified using GAPDH primers (gpd 1/2) and ITS primers (ITS 1/4) respectively. The sequence of the amplicons was compared with reference sequences. The ITS sequence (GenBank: MT645704) showed 100% (571/571bp, 564/564bp) identity with B. zeae (GenBank: KU356179 and KU571464, respectively). The GAPDH sequence (GenBank: MW426530) also showed 100% (594/594bp) identity values with B. zeae (GenBank: MF415650 and KU571468). Pathogenicity tests were performed on three healthy and asymptomic buckwheat plants, which were surface sterilized with 75% ethanol and rinsed with sterilized distilled water. The leaves were sprayed with 1×105 conidia/ml of the suspensions which contain 0.01% Tween 20 and three control plants sprayed with same volume of sterile distilled water. A strip of parafilm was wrapped around the inoculated leaves for 48 h to maintain high relative humidity. At 6 days postinoculation, all the inoculated leaves showed symptoms identical to those described above. While no symptoms were observed on the control plants. The fungus was reisolated and identified as B. zeae based on morphological features and DNA sequence analysis, it was identical to the original isolate to satisfy Koch’s postulates. B. zeae has been reported to be pathogenic on Acer truncatum (Sun et al., 2011), Helianthus tuberosus (Zhao et al., 2017) and Hemarthria altissima (Xue et al., 2016) in China. To our knowledge this is the first report of B. zeae causing leaf spot on F. esculentum in China. This fungal pathogen represents a severe threat and has the potential to cause yield losses of F. esculentum, so further research is required to define effective management strategies.

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First Report of the Association of Myriogenospora atramentosa with the Plant Genus Hemarthria

Chen

Blount

Justesen

et al. 2019

Plant Health Progress

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Myriogenospora atramentosa is an epibiont fungus that produces black, linear stromata on the leaves of warm-season grasses including Paspalum and Andropogon. Because M. atramentosa is in the family Clavicipitaceae containing several ergot alkaloid-producing fungi, its mycotoxin production and the potential risk to cattle health are of concern. Limpograss (Hemarthria altissima) is a warm-season perennial grass that plays a key role in the cattle industry of the southeastern United States. Limpograss plants with tangletop signs and symptoms were collected in October 2018 from Osceola County, Florida, U.S.A. M. atramentosa was confirmed. M. atramentosa is reported to be associated with the plant genus Hemarthria for the first time, through morphological and molecular investigations. Because of the increasing human usage, animal consumption, and global distribution of H. altissima, understanding its codistribution with M. atramentosa and the potential mycotoxin content is critical to protect plants and animals.

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First Report of Leaf Spot of Hemarthria altissima Caused by Bipolaris zeae in China

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

First Report of Leaf Spot Disease (“Negrilla”) on Agave salmiana Otto Ex Salm-Dyck (ssp. salmiana) Plants Caused by Bipolaris zeae Zivan in Mexico

First Report of Leaf Spot Disease (“Negrilla”) on Agave salmiana Otto Ex Salm-Dyck (ssp. salmiana) Plants Caused by Bipolaris zeae Zivan in Mexico

First Report of Leaf Spot Disease on Fagopyrum esculentum Caused by Bipolaris zeae in China

First Report of the Association of Myriogenospora atramentosa with the Plant Genus Hemarthria

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