First Report of the East-Central South African Genotype of Chikungunya Virus in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Souza, Thiara Manuele Alves de; Azeredo, Elzinandes Leal de; Badolato-Corrêa, Jéssica; Damasco, Paulo Vieira; Santos, Carla Cunha; Petitinga-Paiva, Fabienne; Nunes, Priscila Conrado Guerra; Barbosa, Luciana Santos; Cipitelli, Márcio Costa; Chouin-Carneiro, Thaís; Faria, Nieli R. C.; Nogueira, Rita Maria Ribeiro; Bruycker-Nogueira, Fernanda de; Santos, Flávia Barreto dos

doi:10.1371/currents.outbreaks.4200119978d62ccaa454599cd2735727

Cited by 46 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In addition to the E1 K211T substitution previously described as a genetic signature of the CHIKV isolates from Rio de Janeiro 11 , we found three additional amino acid mutations in the nonstructural proteins nsP2 (P352A) and nsP4 (I111V and A481D). The I111V substitution nsP4 was exclusively found in CHIKV ECSA strains from Rio de Janeiro.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Based on the notification of the Brazilian surveillance systems, CHIKV was introduced in Brazil during 2014 7,8 , the Asian genotype was confirmed in the North Region of Brazil (Oiapoque, Amapá state) and the ECSA genotype was first identified in the Northeastern region of Brazil (Feira de Santana, Bahia state). The ECSA genotype was subsequently detected in other states, particularly Sergipe 33 and Rio de Janeiro 11 , on the Northeastern and Southeastern regions, respectively. Remarkably, the first documented cases appeared in Rio de Janeiro in late 2015 34 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Since 2014, Asian and ECSA genotypes co-circulate in at North and Northeast regions of Brazil, respectively 7,8 , which raises the potential for co-infections and recombination. The ECSA genotype has been described in autochthonous cases in Rio de Janeiro 9–11 . Imported cases of Asian genotype have been described in Southeast Brazil 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergence of the East-Central-South-African genotype of Chikungunya virus in Brazil and the city of Rio de Janeiro may have occurred years before surveillance detection

Souza

Vieira

Delatorre

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Brazil, which is hyperendemic for dengue virus (DENV), has had recent Zika (ZIKV) and (CHIKV) Chikungunya virus outbreaks. Since March 2016, CHIKV is the arbovirus infection most frequently diagnosed in Rio de Janeiro. In the analysis of 1835 syndromic patients, screened by real time RT-PCR, 56.4% of the cases were attributed to CHIKV, 29.6% to ZIKV, and 14.1% to DENV-4. Sequence analyses of CHIKV from sixteen samples revealed that the East-Central-South-African (ECSA) genotype of CHIKV has been circulating in Brazil since 2013 [95% bayesian credible interval (BCI): 03/2012-10/2013], almost a year before it was detected by arbovirus surveillance program. Brazilian cases are related to Central African Republic sequences from 1980’s. To the best of our knowledge, given the available sequence published here and elsewhere, the ECSA genotype was likely introduced to Rio de Janeiro early on 2014 (02/2014; BCI: 07/2013-08/2014) through a single event, after primary circulation in the Bahia state at the Northestern Brazil in the previous year. The observation that the ECSA genotype of CHIKV was circulating undetected underscores the need for improvements in molecular methods for viral surveillance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergence of the East-Central-South-African genotype of Chikungunya virus in Brazil and the city of Rio de Janeiro may have occurred years before surveillance detection

Souza

Vieira

Delatorre

et al. 2018

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…In late 2013, the first cases of chikungunya were identified in St. Martin, and CHIKV quickly spread throughout the Caribbean and the Americas (20). This outbreak was almost exclusively caused by Asian lineage strains, with a small number of ECSA lineage infections being reported in Brazil (12,14,21). Although the number of cases declined markedly from 2014 to 2017, CHIKV transmission continues in the Americas (PAHO.org), and outbreaks occur in Asia and Africa, with autochthonous cases being documented in Italy as recently as 2017 (22).…”

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confidence: 99%

Beyond Fever and Pain: Diagnostic Methods for Chikungunya Virus

2019

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Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus that is primarily transmitted by Aedes species mosquitoes. Though reports of an illness consistent with chikungunya date back over 200 years, CHIKV only gained worldwide attention during a massive pandemic that began in East Africa in 2004. Chikungunya, the clinical illness caused by CHIKV, is characterized by a rapid onset of high fever and debilitating joint pain, though in practice, etiologic confirmation of CHIKV requires the availability and use of specific laboratory diagnostics. Similar to infections caused by other arboviruses, CHIKV infections are most commonly detected with a combination of molecular and serological methods, though cell culture and antigen detection are reported. This review provides an overview of available CHIKV diagnostics and highlights aspects of basic virology and epidemiology that pertain to viral detection. Although the number of chikungunya cases has decreased since 2014, CHIKV has become endemic in countries across the tropics and will continue to cause sporadic outbreaks in naive individuals. Consistent access to accurate diagnostics is needed to detect individual cases and initiate timely responses to new outbreaks.

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“…The name Chikungunya derives from a word in the Kimakonde language, meaning 'to become contorted' , describing the bent posture of the patients due to severe joint pain [1]. In Brazil, the first cases were reported in 2014, with exponential growth in the number of suspected cases each year [2].…”

Section: Editorialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric Symptoms in Patients with Chikungunya Fever

Aguiar¹

2017

J Drug Metab Toxicol

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First Report of the East-Central South African Genotype of Chikungunya Virus in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Cited by 46 publications

References 26 publications

Emergence of the East-Central-South-African genotype of Chikungunya virus in Brazil and the city of Rio de Janeiro may have occurred years before surveillance detection

Emergence of the East-Central-South-African genotype of Chikungunya virus in Brazil and the city of Rio de Janeiro may have occurred years before surveillance detection

Beyond Fever and Pain: Diagnostic Methods for Chikungunya Virus

Psychiatric Symptoms in Patients with Chikungunya Fever

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