In the course of a histopathological survey performed to discover the cause of mass mortality of the striped clam Chamelea gallina in the Balearic Islands (Spain, Mediterranean Sea), we detected a Marteilia-like parasite in 3 clams. Molecular methods were applied to identify the parasite. DNA extracted from a paraffin block was used to carry out a PCR assay for Marteilia refringens detection based on a rDNA sequence of the parasite (the intergenic spacer of ribosomal genes, IGS). The nucleotide sequence of the IGS amplified fragment and the positive signal obtained by in situ hybridisation analysis with a M. refringens-specific probe allowed us to confirm the presence of this parasite in the digestive gland tissue of C. gallina.
KEY WORDS: Marteilia refringens 路 Molecular diagnosis 路 rDNA 路 Intergenic spacer 路 IGS 路 Chamelea gallina
Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 82: [79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87] 2008 sydneyi has had similar effects on the Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea commercialis in Australia (Perkins & Wolf 1976, Adlard & Ernst 1995, Butt & Raftos 2007. Marteilioides chungmuensis affects the gonad of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in Korea and Japan, resulting in serious economic losses for the oyster industry (Comps et al. 1986, Ngo et al. 2003, Tun et al. 2006.In Europe, 2 molecular types or species of Marteilia have been identified: M. refringens (or type O), infecting oysters, and M. maurini (or type M), infecting mussels . Recent data suggest that parasites infecting oysters and mussels constitute 2 different strain of the species M. refringens (L贸pez-Flores et al. 2004, Novoa et al. 2005, Balseiro et al. 2007). Therefore, the name M. refringens would have taxonomic priority and this is the nomenclature we use in this study. M. refringens has also been reported in other bivalves (see Table 1), although the accurate identification of the parasite species has only been achieved in the mussels Mytilus edulis and Mytilus galloprovincialis and in the razor clam Solen marginatus (Table 1) by using precise histological and/or molecular methods. Among these species, mortalities have only been documented in mussels (Villalba et al. 1993a,b, Fuentes et al. 2002. The presence of the parasite in different marine species is also interesting for the study of its life cycle, in which intermediate hosts are thought to be involved. So far, only the copepod Paracartia granii has been suggested as an intermediate host in the life cycle of the parasite (Audemard et al. 2002). In addition, the existence of closely linked dynamics between M. refringens in mussel populations and a group of 6 different zooplankton taxa has been suggested in the coastal northeast Mediterranean near Spain (Carrasco et al. 2007a,b). In histological studies on venerid clams the presence of Marteilia sp. has been reported in Tapes rhomboides and T. pullastra (Poder et al. 1983), and in T. philippinarum (Itoh et al. 2005), but identification of the exact specie...