Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Resin Improved by Graphene Hybrid Containing Phosphorous, Boron, Nitrogen and Silicon Elements

Li, Li; Wang, Huan; Hua, Fenglin; Wang, Mingming; Zhang, Yuanshuo; Xi, Hui; Yang, Jing; Yang, Zhiwang; Lei, Ziqiang

doi:10.1007/s13233-021-9074-8

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Particularly, the problem of swelling pores caused by APP is almost missing in 5‐TR@ZIFAPP/EP, which proves that the modification can make the microstructure of residual carbon become denser, and in this way, reduce the heat conduction and mass transfer of EP, and form a good insulation layer to protect the unburned area. In addition, it is also obvious that some circular pits are distributed on the surface of its high‐density carbon layer, which means that the compatibility between TR@ZIFAPP and EP matrix is reduced at this ratio, which may decrease the flatness of residual charcoal 35 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, it is also obvious that some circular pits are distributed on the surface of its high-density carbon layer, which means that the compatibility between TR@ZI-FAPP and EP matrix is reduced at this ratio, which may decrease the flatness of residual charcoal. 35 Raman spectroscopy can quantify the structure of residual carbon, which yields D and G bands representing the Raman spectra of amorphous and graphitized carbon, respectively, and the magnitude of the ratio of the two (I D /I G ) reflects the degree of graphitization of the carbon layer, with higher ratios representing more defects in the carbon layer. 36 As shown in Figure 7c, the I D /I G of 5-APP/EP was 1.75, which was 0.79 lower than that of pure EP.…”

Section: Residue Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhance the fire safety of epoxy resin using ammonium polyphosphate flame retardant with the sandwich structure containing catalytic carbon formation function

Zheng,

Zhao,

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is often used to construct intumescent flame retardant systems together, but it is faced with the problem of adding too much flame retardant. This paper envisions the construction of a modified APP flame retardant (TR@ZIFAPP) with a sandwich structure by the method of covering, which, in order to endow APP flame retardant with better flame retardant effect. By constructing a metal catalytic layer and a triazine carbon formation layer, the modified APP flame retardant has both catalytic carbon formation and phosphorus–nitrogen synergistic flame retardant functions. TR@ZIFAPP is expected to be used in flame‐retardant polymer composites with low addition requirements, adding it to epoxy resin (EP) reveals that the TR@ZIFAPP flame retardant could achieve the optimal flame retardant effect when the addition amount was only 3 wt%. The UL‐94 rating reached V‐0 grade, and the two off‐fire auto‐ignition time levels were only 0.7 s. The analysis of its flame retardant mechanism showed that the flame retardant in EP was mainly through the rapid formation of carbon to isolate oxygen and dilute the flammable gas to reach a strong flame retardant effect.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Residue Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhance the fire safety of epoxy resin using ammonium polyphosphate flame retardant with the sandwich structure containing catalytic carbon formation function

Zheng,

Zhao,

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Epoxy resin, a major thermosetting polymer possessing outstanding mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and electrical insulation properties, has versatile applications, including as coating, insulation material, construction material, and paint [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Epoxy adhesive has been widely employed in various applications, from automobile to building materials, owing to its excellent adhesion property [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Cardanol-Based Flame Retardant for Enhancing the Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Adhesives

2022

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Epoxy resin has a versatile set of applications due to its excellent properties. However, its easily flammable property limits further applications. A bio-based flame retardant, cardanyl diphenylphosphate (CDPP), was successfully synthesized via condensation reaction between cardanol and diphenyl phosphoryl chloride. The chemical structure of CDPP was confirmed via 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. To overcome the flammable property of epoxy resin, different amounts of CDPP were incorporated into the epoxy resin. The thermal stability of epoxy resin with CDPP was reduced due to its phosphorus component, which had a relatively weak bond. Meanwhile, the measured char residue of epoxy resin with CDPP was increased compared to its calculated value, which indicated that CDPP promoted the formation of char residue. The limiting oxygen index of epoxy resin with CDPP was enhanced as the amount of CDPP increased from 22.1% for EP0 to 32.7% for EP10. The maximum value of the heat release rate per unit area and total heat release values of EP10 decreased by 23.23% and 12.02%, respectively, as compared to those of EP0. Additionally, single lap shear strength confirmed the improvement in the adhesion property of EP5. The lap shear strength increased to 7.19 MPa for EP5 compared to 6.27 MPa for EP0. This behavior might be due to the higher polarity of the phosphorus components. Based on the findings gathered in the present study, the incorporation of a bio-based flame retardant (CDPP) in epoxy resin has the potential for improving flame retardancy and adhesion property, which will be promising for the industrial area.

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The effects of chemical structure for phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardants on flame retardant mechanisms

et al. 2023

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Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Resin Improved by Graphene Hybrid Containing Phosphorous, Boron, Nitrogen and Silicon Elements

Cited by 10 publications

References 39 publications

Enhance the fire safety of epoxy resin using ammonium polyphosphate flame retardant with the sandwich structure containing catalytic carbon formation function

Enhance the fire safety of epoxy resin using ammonium polyphosphate flame retardant with the sandwich structure containing catalytic carbon formation function

Preparation and Characterization of Cardanol-Based Flame Retardant for Enhancing the Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Adhesives

The effects of chemical structure for phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardants on flame retardant mechanisms

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