Fluid inclusions, H-O, S, Pb, and noble gas isotope studies of the Baiyun gold deposit in the Qingchengzi orefield, NE China

Zhang, Peng; Kou, Linlin; Zhao, Yan; Bi, Zhongwei; Sha, Deming; Li, Zhumin; Han, Renping

doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2019.01.016

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Furthermore, previous C–H–O isotopes suggest that the Xinfang ore‐forming fluids were derived from a magmatic‐hydrothermal source (Guo et al ., 2005; Wei et al ., 2007). Recent articles also argue that the gold deposits hosted within the Liaodong Peninsula, such as the Wulong (Liu, Wang, et al ., 2018; Yu et al ., 2018; Liu, Zhang, et al ., 2019; Chen et al ., 2020; Cheng et al ., 2020; Yu, Zeng, Frimmel, et al ., 2020; Zeng et al ., 2020; Zhang et al ., 2020), Sidagou (Feng et al ., 2019; Chen et al ., 2020), Baiyun (Liu, Liu, et al ., 2019; Sun et al ., 2019; Zhang et al ., 2019; Sun, Zeng, Zhou, et al ., 2020), and Xiaotongjiapuzi (Liu et al ., 2020), can be classified as magmatic‐hydrothermal gold systems. These deposit are related to lithospheric thinning within the northeastern NCC, which was triggered by the subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific plate during the Early Cretaceous.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the currently known gold endowment of the Liaodong Peninsula (~500 t, Zeng et al ., 2019) is significantly lower than that in the Jiaodong Peninsula, which may be attributed to the lack of exploration data (Zhu et al ., 2015; Fan et al ., 2016). A considerable amount of research has been driven in recent years to investigate the three main goldfields in the Liaodong Peninsula (Figure 1b), including the Wulong (e.g., Liu et al ., 2018; Xiao et al ., 2018; Yu et al ., 2018; Feng et al ., 2019; Liu, Zhang, et al ., 2019; Chen et al ., 2020; Cheng et al ., 2020; Yu, Zeng, Frimmel, et al ., 2020; Yu, Zeng, Xia, et al ., 2020; Zhang et al ., 2020), Maoling (e.g., Zhang et al ., 2017; Liu et al ., 2018), and Qingchengzi goldfields (e.g., Liu, Liu, et al ., 2019; Sun et al ., 2019; Zhang et al ., 2019; Di et al ., 2020; Liu et al ., 2020; Sun, Zeng, Wang, et al ., 2020; Sun, Zeng, Zhou, et al ., 2020). The majority of the previous research focus on the timing, tectonic setting and metallogenetic model of the three main goldfields, however, little attention has been given to the satellite gold deposits outside the orefields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A magmatic‐hydrothermal origin of the Xinfang gold deposit, Liaodong Peninsula, China, revealed by in‐situ S–Pb isotopes and trace element analyses of pyrite

Zeng

Frimmel

et al. 2021

Resource Geology

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The Xinfang deposit is a large gold deposit (>20 t of Au) on the southern edge of the Liaodong Peninsula, China. A total of 37 gold‐bearing orebodies are identified along NS‐ and NW‐striking faults and are mainly hosted by the Archean and Neoproterozoic metamorphic rocks. Three stages of hydrothermal mineralization are distinguished, including Stage I of dominant quartz ± pyrite (Py1), Stage II of quartz‐polymetallic sulfide (Py2), and Stage III of quartz‐calcite ± pyrite (Py3). Gold primarily occurs at the Stage II in association with intensive silicification, pyritization, and sericitization. Here, we report on high‐precision in‐situ LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS analyses of S and Pb isotopic compositions of the sulfide minerals and LA‐ICP‐MS analyses of trace element signature of the pyrite from the Xinfang gold deposit. The δ34S values of the sulfides range from 1.3 to 5.3‰, which is consistent with a magmatic origin of S. The sulfides yield 208Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 206Pb/204Pb ratios of 37.497–37.773, 15.323–15.410, and 17.004–17.229, respectively, which deviate from the values of the wall rocks, suggesting an external Pb source. The in‐situ LA‐ICP‐MS spot analyses of the pyrite reveals that gold occurs in two generations of pyrite (Py2 and Py3) but at low concentrations (≤0.06 ppm for Py2, ≤0.24 ppm for Py3). Visible gold, however, only occurs in the Stage II assemblage as inclusions in pyrite and quartz, and is distributed along the margins or within the fractures of the sulfides. The Py2 shows high Co, Ni, and As concentrations and is depleted in other trace elements typical of a magmatic‐hydrothermal derivation. In contrast, Py3 exhibits low concentrations in most trace elements. Trace element mapping of Py2 revealed correlations between Fe and Co, as well as Ni and As, indicating their couped substitution in the pyrite structure. The available geological, petrographic and geochemical data consistently suggest that the Xinfang gold deposit formed during the Early Cretaceous by hydrothermal fluids of magmatic contribution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A magmatic‐hydrothermal origin of the Xinfang gold deposit, Liaodong Peninsula, China, revealed by in‐situ S–Pb isotopes and trace element analyses of pyrite

Zeng

Frimmel

et al. 2021

Resource Geology

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“…Fluid inclusion studies of syn-ore stage 1 indicated low-medium homogenization temperatures (162-350 C), low salinities, and belong to a NaCl-H 2 O-CH 4 -CO 2 ± H 2 S fluid system (Liu et al, 2019;Yang, Song, Chai, & Li, 2017;Zhang, Cheng, et al, 2019 (Zhang, Kou, et al, 2019). The H-O isotopic values suggest that the ore-forming fluids are mainly of primary magmatic origin with an input of metamorphic fluids and meteoric water.…”

Section: Ore-forming Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The meteoric water incursion likely occurred at syn-ore stage 3 (Hao et al, 2017;Yang, Guo, et al, 2017;Zhang, Cheng, et al, 2019). S and Pb isotope data indicate that the ore-forming metals may have sourced from Triassic magma and Gaixian Formation (Hao et al, 2017;Zhang, Kou, et al, 2019).…”

Section: Ore-forming Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Baiyun deposit was mainly formed in the Triassic (225 to 240 Ma) (Zhang et al, 2016;Zhang, Cheng, et al, 2019). There are a number of Au-(Ag) and Pb-Zn deposits and porphyry Mo deposits in the Qingchengzi orefield, which have a genetic link with coeval magmatic rocks (Zhang, Kou, et al, 2019) (Naden & Shepherd, 1989;Qiu et al, 2020;Zhen, Gu, & Zhou, 1990). There is no evidence of fluid boiling or mixing with percolating meteoric water at Baiyun (Hao et al, 2017;Yang, Guo, et al, 2017), and hence we suggested that hydrothermal fluidwallrock reactions and sulphur release may have been the main triggers for the gold precipitation.…”

Section: Ore-forming Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrothermal alteration and mineralization of Baiyun gold deposit in Liaodong Peninsula, North China Craton

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2020

Geological Journal

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Baiyun deposit is a large gold deposit in the Liaodong Peninsula (North China Craton), containing over 31.7 t of gold. Silicic alteration, K-feldspar alteration, and pyritization are well developed and closely related with mineralization in Baiyun deposit. Based on field and optical microscopic observations, the alteration styles include quartz + K-feldspar zone, pyrite + sericite +quartz zone, and chlorite zone from orebody outward. In this study, the quartz, K-feldspar, and pyrite of pre-ore, syn-ore stages 1 and 2 were selected for LA-ICP-MS trace element analysis and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) to reveal the alteration-mineralization link. Results show that the albite was altered to mainly K-feldspar and minor secondary quartz at syn-ore stage 1. Fluid-rock reaction of the silicic-potassic alteration may have decreased the fluid oxygen fugacity (fO 2 ), which triggered the gold precipitation. Most of invisible gold occurred in the form of solid solution. At syn-ore stage 2, albite altered to mainly quartz and minor K-feldspar. The syn-ore stage 1 K-feldspar also altered to minor secondary quartz at syn-ore stage 2. In addition, the release of sulphur from the syn-ore stage 1 pyrite was likely another trigger for the gold precipitation. Most of syn-ore stage 2 invisible gold occurred as nano-particles. The ore-forming fluids consist mainly of primary magmatic fluids mixed with minor metamorphic fluids. The ore metals may have sourced mainly from the magmatic fluid and the sillimanite-mica schist of the Gaixian Formation.

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Precise ages of gold mineralization and pre-gold hydrothermal activity in the Baiyun gold deposit, northeastern China: in situ U–Pb dating of hydrothermal xenotime and rutile

et al. 2021

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Fluid inclusions, H-O, S, Pb, and noble gas isotope studies of the Baiyun gold deposit in the Qingchengzi orefield, NE China

Cited by 32 publications

References 36 publications

A magmatic‐hydrothermal origin of the Xinfang gold deposit, Liaodong Peninsula, China, revealed by in‐situ S–Pb isotopes and trace element analyses of pyrite

A magmatic‐hydrothermal origin of the Xinfang gold deposit, Liaodong Peninsula, China, revealed by in‐situ S–Pb isotopes and trace element analyses of pyrite

Hydrothermal alteration and mineralization of Baiyun gold deposit in Liaodong Peninsula, North China Craton

Precise ages of gold mineralization and pre-gold hydrothermal activity in the Baiyun gold deposit, northeastern China: in situ U–Pb dating of hydrothermal xenotime and rutile

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