From Price Subsidies to Basic Income: The Iran Model and Its Lessons

Tabatabai, Hamid

doi:10.1057/9781137031655_2

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…However, UBI programs are very costly and may produce negative distributional considerations (for example, if financed by reducing existing progressive social spending). In practical terms, only Iran and Mongolia to date have implemented a (short-lived) national UBI program (see Tabatabai 2012 ; Yeung and Howes 2015 , respectively).…”

Section: Results For Colombiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gendered Poverty Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Colombia

Cuesta

Pico

2020

Eur J Dev Res

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Everyone, across borders, race and gender, is affected by the global COVID-19 pandemic—but not equally. In this paper, we examine a burgeoning new literature discussing the employment effects of COVID-19. We explore the extent to which COVID-19 will exacerbate gendered employment disparities, income generation gaps, and, ultimately, poverty gaps, using a simple microsimulation methodology. We test our approach in Colombia, which has implemented an unparalleled number of mitigation measures and has reopened its economy earlier than regional neighbors. We find that COVID-19 increases the poverty headcount to a daunting degree (between 3.0 and 9.1 pp increases). Mitigation measures vary considerably in their individual impact (up to 0.9 pp poverty reduction). A fiscally neutral Universal Basic Income program would cause larger poverty reductions. Importantly, both men and women report similar poverty impacts from the pandemic and mitigation policies, reflecting the magnitude of the downturn, the design of interventions and our own poverty measure. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1057/s41287-020-00328-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Results For Colombiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gendered Poverty Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Colombia

Cuesta

Pico

2020

Eur J Dev Res

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“…The government of Iran introduced in 2011 a universal basic income for all citizens of the country. Its application was the result of the ongoing reform of the subsidy system [19], which was aimed primarily at eliminating non-market pricing principles and improving the efficiency of the economy, as well as a more equitable redistribution of oil rent [20].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Well-being and Sustainable Development of Mining Regions: the Universal Basic Income

2019

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The article presents the results of the analysis of the practice of implementation the concept of universal basic income. It is shown that in estimating the results of a series of experiments in this field, conducted in a number of countries, it is recommended to abandon the approach based on the positivist point of view. For a long time, it dominated science in general and economic research in particular, but it continues to influence many researchers today. This conclusion should be taken into account in the formation of the structure and composition of regions’ welfare indices. The research materials are placed in a broad historical context. On the one hand, this made it possible to more vividly present the prerequisites, characteristics and consequences of repeated attempts to introduce universal basic income into the practice of social insurance, undertaken in different countries of the world (Finland, Canada, Kenya, Iran, India, USA). On the other hand, to reveal the possibilities and problems of using universal basic income as a tool to help overcome the dysfunctional development of certain territories, including mining regions.

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“…Todos tienen derecho a la misma cantidad de transferencia independientemente de las características individuales (edad, ingresos, etc.). Pero el modelo de Irán posee algunas características distintivas (Tabatabai, 2012). La primera es el alcance y la escala del programa: el ingreso básico en Irán es, de lejos, el programa más grande y generoso de transferencia de rentas en el mundo.…”

Section: 2iránunclassified

“…Más bien resultó ser más eficiente pare repartir y reorganizar el sistema de subsidios existente previamente en el país. Es decir, aquí jugó un papel fundamental la RBU como mecanismo de facilitación en la implementación para problemas de transferencias de ámbito nacional, mucho más que otros elementos que podríamos esperarnos vinculados a la reducción de la pobreza o la desigualdad (Tabatabai, 2012;Salehi-Isfahani et al, 2015). Otra característica que lo diferencia del modelo de Alaska es que los pagos, a pesar de calcularse individualmente, se hacían directamente a las cuentas bancarias individuales del cabeza de familia, mayoritariamente hombres, que debían demostrar el número de individuos que habitaban en el hogar.…”

Section: 2iránunclassified

“…El informe más preciso y elaborado sobre lo que ocurrió en Irán en esos años aparecía en mayo de 2017 en el Economic Research Forum. El informe "Transferencias de dinero en efectivo y suministro de mano de obra: evidencia de un programa a gran escala en Irán", redactado por los economistas Salehi-Isfahani, D. y M. H. Mostafavi-Dehzooei (2017), presentaba un estudio sobre lo que había ocurrido los años anteriores en Irán profundizando las investigaciones más conocidas de su proceso de implementación de Tabatabai (2011Tabatabai ( , 2012. Desde nuestra perspectiva y tal como venimos analizando los casos de estudio hasta ahora, se trata de una recopilación de datos trascendental, ya que en Irán tuvimos entre los años 2010 y 2016 una transferencia monetaria mensual, individual e incondicional a toda la ciudadanía 5 de un país pagada directamente a los bolsillos de las personas sin pasar por técnicos como el Negative Income Tax.…”

Section: 2iránunclassified

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La Renta Básica Universal basada en la evidencia

Camporesi

2018

Política Soc.

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Resumen. Los proyectos pilotos de Renta Básica Universal (RBU) que se han ido implantando en distintos países del mundo han generado en Europa un gran interés, tanto por los datos recopilados, como por su alcance teórico. Este artículo analiza la evidencia empírica y modelos de experimentación de las políticas de RBU, a partir del mayor o menor grado de información sobre la previsibilidad de su impacto social que nos proporciona cada uno de ellos. Para ello revisamos la intención, el diseño y los resultados obtenidos de los diferentes casos y modelos experimentales a lo largo del tiempo y en diferentes países. En general, encontramos que ninguno de estos experimentos es en sí mismo suficiente para dotarnos de la evidencia que permita anticipar el impacto en todas las variables implicadas en el desarrollo de una RBU a largo plazo en contextos concretos. Pero al mismo tiempo este conjunto de evidencias traslada la carga de prueba hacia los detractores de la RBU: ninguno de sus efectos negativos queda probado con el análisis empírico. Este conjunto de evidencias apunta a una heterogeneidad de efectos que debe ser una referencia insoslayable para reducir la incertidumbre sobre el impacto de la RBU, para incorporar al análisis nuevas variables relevantes o para mejorar el diseño de su implementación. Palabras clave: Renta Básica; RBU; experimentos piloto; transferencias de renta; modelización RBU; políticas públicas.[en] Universal Basic Income based on evidence Abstract. The different pilot projects of Universal Basic Income (UBI) that have been implemented all over the world have raised an intense interest in Europe, both for the data they gathered and for their theoretical implications. This article analyzes the empirical evidence and the different models of experimentation that have been at work in UBI policies, with the aim to measure to what extent they are capable of offering a certain amount of predictability on UBI social impact. In order to do it, the intention, design and results obtained from different pilot projects and experimental models over time and in different countries are thouroughly analysed. In broad terms, we find that none of these experiments is capable to furnish evidence that would make it possible to anticipate the joint impact of all the variables involved in the development of UBI in the long-term and in specific contexts. Nevertheless, this same evidence can also be used to unload the burden of proof to the detractors of UBI, as empirical analysis does not show any sure negative effects, either. In conclusion, it can be stated that the heterogeneity of effects brought forward by the implementation of UBI should be viewed as an unavoidable reference in order to reduce the uncertainty about its impact, and the effort should be made to incorporate new relevant variables into the analysis or to improve the design of its implementation.Sumario. 1. Introducción. 2. La experimentación en Europa: la incondicionalidad y la activación laboral. 3. Experimentos sin mediación institucional. 4. Los pr...

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From Price Subsidies to Basic Income: The Iran Model and Its Lessons

Cited by 16 publications

References 2 publications

The Gendered Poverty Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Colombia

The Gendered Poverty Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Colombia

Well-being and Sustainable Development of Mining Regions: the Universal Basic Income

La Renta Básica Universal basada en la evidencia

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