From Visible Light-Emitting Diodes to Large-Scale III–V Photonic Integrated Circuits

Kish, Fred; Nagarajan, Radhakrishnan; Welch, David; Evans, P.; Rossi, J. A.; Pleumeekers, J.L.; Dentai, A.G.; Kato, Masaki; Corzine, S.; Muthiah, R.; Ziari, M.; Schneider, Richard; Reffle, M.; Butrie, T.; Lambert, Damien; Missey, M.; Lal, V.; Fisher, M.; Murthy, S.; Salvatore, R.A.; DeMars, S.D.; James, A.; Joyner, C.H.

doi:10.1109/jproc.2013.2275018

Cited by 47 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…This will be challenging, but it is worth noting that satisfactory yield-performance metrics have been achieved in the highly demanding telecom transceiver market using advanced InP integrated photonics 66 . Critical dimension variations may be expected to become increasingly important with circuit scaling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated optical switch matrices for packet data networks

Stabile

Albores-Mejia

Rohit³

et al. 2016

Microsyst Nanoeng

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Integrated circuit technologies are enabling intelligent, chip-based, optical packet switch matrices. Rapid real-time reconfigurability at the photonic layer using integrated circuit technologies is expected to enable cost-effective, energy-efficient, and transparent data communications. InP integrated photonic circuits offer high-performance amplifiers, switches, modulators, detectors, and de/multiplexers in the same wafer-scale processes. The complexity of these circuits has been transformed as the process technologies have matured, enabling component counts to increase to many hundreds per chip. Active-passive monolithic integration has enabled switching matrices with up to 480 components, connecting 16 inputs to 16 outputs. Integrated switching matrices route data streams of hundreds of gigabits per second. Multi-path and packet time-scale switching have been demonstrated in the laboratory to route between multiple fibre connections. Wavelength-granularity routing and monitoring is realised inside the chip. In this paper, we review the current status in InP integrated photonics for optical switch matrices, paying particular attention to the additional on-chip functions that become feasible with active component integration. We highlight the opportunities for introducing intelligence at the physical layer and explore the requirements and opportunities for cost-effective, scalable switching.Keywords: large-scale integration; optical switching devices; optoelectronics; photonic integrated circuits In turn, this is leading to unsustainable energy usage and an increasing complexity in network control 2-4 . Optical packet routing and switching technologies offer the prospect of highly efficient networking that is attuned to packet-based traffic flows 4 . However, to date the underlying photonic hardware has not proved sufficiently scalable, and the physical layer performance has been impeded by the analogue nature of the underlying photonic components.Photonic switch matrices and wavelength-selective switches already provide energy-efficient connectivity at the highest bandwidths for circuit-provisioned time-scales. The optical switching engines that are now being deployed in telecom networks and data centre networks are based on slow (millisecond) circuitswitching technologies that leverage micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) 5,6 and liquid crystal on silicon 7,8 switch elements. 3D MEMS systems now allow for connectivity between many hundreds of fibre connections 9,10 . The combination of broadband photonic switches and wavelength-selective diffractive optical elements offers even higher connectivity. However, the use of surface normal micro-optics introduces considerable assembly complexity as the connectivity scales. The switching speeds do not support packet-based traffic at the optical layer.Planar photonic integrated circuits have long held the promise of high-speed broadband connectivity with mass-manufactureable microchips 11 , but only recently has the technology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated optical switch matrices for packet data networks

Stabile

Albores-Mejia

Rohit³

et al. 2016

Microsyst Nanoeng

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“…The high-gain (5.7 dB) dual-section LD with integrated SOA constitutes an important building block for the eventual development of large-scale III-nitride photonic integrated circuit (PIC) at the visible wavelength [50]. The combination of both active and passive photonic components enables the on-chip integration of optoelectronic devices with versatile functionalities [89,90]. Benefiting from the relatively small separation between the absorption and emission peaks in semipolar InGaN/GaN quantum wells, the on-chip integration of LD and waveguide photodetector (WPD) has been fabricated without epitaxy regrowth in violet-blue wavelength regimes [91,92].…”

Section: Devices In Laser-based Vlc Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A tutorial on laser-based lighting and visible light communications: device and technology [Invited]

et al. 2019

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This tutorial focuses on devices and technologies that are part of laser-based visible light communication (VLC) systems. Laser-based VLC systems have advantages over their light-emitting-diode-based counterparts, including having high transmission speed and long transmission distance. We summarize terminologies related to laser-based solid-state lighting and VLC, and further review the advances in device design and performance. The high-speed modulation characteristics of laser diodes and superluminescent diodes, the on-chip integration of optoelectronic components in the visible color regime, such as the high-speed integrated photodetector, were introduced. The modulation technology for laser-based white light communication systems, and the challenges for future development were then discussed.

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“…For IMWP, several technologies were realized using this platform (more details about particular performance metrics are given in [22], [98], and [99]), including optical beamforming, fully programmable MWP filters using ring resonator structures, frequency discriminators, IFM, transmitters for terahertz applications, dual-wavelength lasers for terahertz generation, pulse shapers, arbitrary waveform generators, and monolithic-integrated optical phaselocked loops for coherent detection schemes.…”

Section: Indium Phosphidementioning

confidence: 99%