Gene regulatory network and abundant genetic variation play critical roles in heading stage of polyploidy wheat

Abstract

BackgroundThe extensive adaptability of polyploidy wheat is attributed to its complex genome, and accurately controlling heading stage is a prime target in wheat breeding process. Wheat heading stage is an essential growth and development processes since it starts at a crucial point in the transition from vegetative phase to reproductive phase.Main bodyHeading stage is mainly decided by vernalization, photoperiod, hormone (like gibberellic acid, GA), and earliness per se (Eps). As a polyploidy species, common wheat possesses the abundant genetic variation, such as allelic variation, copy number variation etc., which have a strong effect on regulation of wheat growth and development. Therefore, understanding genetic manipulation of heading stage is pivotal for controlling the heading stage in wheat. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in the genetic regulatory mechanisms and abundant variation in genetic diversity controlling heading stage in wheat, as well as the interaction mechanism of different signals and the contribution of different genetic variation. We first summarized the genes involved in vernalization, photoperoid and other signals cross-talk with each other to control wheat heading stage, then the abundant genetic variation related to signal components associated with wheat heading stage was also elaborated in detail.ConclusionOur knowledge of the regulatory network of wheat heading can be used to adjust the duration of the growth phase for the purpose of acclimatizing to different geographical environments.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-018-1591-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Where the Wild Things Are: Transposable Elements as Drivers of Structural and Functional Variations in the Wheat Genome

“…Additional example is the VRN1 homologs which show high allelic variation in wheat. Various mutations in VRN1, including mutations induced by TE insertions, were found to influence heading stage in wheat, as reviewed by Shi et al (2019).…”

Crop Phenomics and High-Throughput Phenotyping: Past Decades, Current Challenges, and Future Perspectives

“…Next-generation sequencing technology has greatly accelerated progress in functional genomics (Huang et al, 2010;Werner, 2010;Li et al, 2018), allowing quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and genome-wide association studies (GWASs) (Xiao et al, 2017) to become powerful tools for elucidating the genetic architecture of complex traits (Atwell et al, 2010;Huang et al, 2010;Tian et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2018a;Zhang et al, 2019a), and many genes governing important agronomic traits have been identified (Zuo and Li, 2014;Yao et al, 2018;Fernie and Yan, 2019;Shi et al, 2019). For example, before 2000, only approximately 130 genes had been cloned in rice.…”

Transcriptome profiling of developing leaf and shoot apices to reveal the molecular mechanism and co-expression genes responsible for the wheat heading date

“…Heading date regulation networks mainly involve vernalization, photoperiod, and hormones (such as gibberellin) [ 1 , 2 ]. There are three important regulatory genes in the vernalization pathway: Vernalization1 ( Vrn1-5 A , Vrn1-5B , Vrn1-5D ) [ 3 – 6 ], Vernalization2 ( Vrn2 ) [ 1 , 4 ], and Vernalization3 ( Vrn3 ) [ 3 – 6 ].…”