Genetic and morphological analysis of two novel nutsedge biotypes from California

Abstract

The identities of two novel perennial nutsedge biotypes collected near Bakersfield, CA, were assessed using isozyme and random-amplified polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid markers in conjunction with morphological analysis. The two biotypes, designated as CK (Cyperus rotundus cv. ‘Kempeni’) and CR (Cyperus esculentus cv. ‘Robusta’), morphologically resemble purple nutsedge and yellow nutsedge, respectively. Plants from both biotypes exhibited more prolific growth than the typical forms and possessed some traits that are not characteristic of the species they resemble. The morphological study was conducted on a total of 15 purple nutsedge, yellow nutsedge, CK, and CR populations collected in the first year and on 20 additional nutsedge populations were collected in the second year. The genetic analysis was performed on populations from the first year only. In general, there was agreement among the results obtained from the morphometric, isozymatic, and deoxyribonucleic acid studies. Populations of CR clustered with yellow nutsedge populations, indicating that CR is within the normal range of variation of this species and may represent a new introduction. Populations of CK, however, were distinct from both purple nutsedge and yellow nutsedge populations. Considering the low level of genetic variation reported in purple nutsedge and its strict vegetative mode of reproduction, CK might represent a sexually reproducing ecotype of purple nutsedge or a hybrid with yellow nutsedge.

Acetolactate Synthase–Inhibitor–Resistant Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus): I—Phenotypic Differences

“…Given the preliminary evidence of intermediary growth habit of the Res biotype, detailed studies are necessary to establish the genetic relationship of the Res biotype with other nutsedges. Natural hybridization between yellow and purple nutsedge has not been reported (Mulligan and Junkins 1976), but there are cases of biotypes resulting from putative hybridization (Tayyar et al 2003). Additional phylogenetic studies on the Res biotype may shed new lights on its origin.…”

Isolation and characterisation of the first microsatellite markers for Cyperus rotundus

“…Morphological variations have been documented for C. rotundus and C. esculentus , in some cases describing biotypes with overlapping characteristics, probably from natural hybridisation between species (Tayyar et al. , 2003).…”

“…Studies of C. rotundus using RAPDs have shown genetic variation among accessions from around the world, but little or no variation among accessions from the continental USA, suggesting that this species probably forms regional clones (Okoli et al. , 1997; Tayyar et al. , 2003; Molin et al.…”

“…However, studies using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis within the species have shown genetic variation in samples from around the world, but not necessarily in accessions from the continental USA (Okoli et al. , 1997; Tayyar et al. , 2003; Molin et al.…”

Determination of Morphological and Genetic Diversity of ALS (Acetolactate Synthase)- Herbicide-Resistant Echinochloa oryzoides Biotypes in Rice

“…As mentioned by Roy et al (2000), given the fact that non-certified seeds get transferred from one region to another, and the quick adaptation skills of this alien weed species to its environment, it is possible to form morphologically close groups that could be genetically different. Cross-pollination, strong clonal growth, sexual reproduction, and spreading through humans are the key factors giving rise to variation, as shown in various studies (Tayyar et al, 2003;Ren et al, 2005;Imaizumi et al, 2008;Claerhout et al, 2015).…”