Genetic Characterization and Geographic Distribution of Rabies Virus Isolates in Brazil: Identification of Two Reservoirs, Dogs and Vampire Bats

Ito, Makoto; Arai, Yohko T.; Itou, Takuya; Sakai, Takeo; Ito, Fumio; Takasaki, Tomohiko; Kurane, Ichiro

doi:10.1006/viro.2000.0916

Cited by 100 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…All isolates confirmed as antigenic variants belong to the species Rabies virus of the genus Lyssavirus, like all the other isolates on the American continents and Caribbean [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Monoclonal antibodies for characterization of rabies virus isolated from non-hematophagous bats in Brazil

Chaves¹,

Achkar²,

Silva³

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: In Brazil, various isolates of rabies virus (RABV) show antigenic profiles distinct from those established by the reduced panel of eight monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) determined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), utilized for the antigenic characterization of RABV in the Americas. The objective of this study was to produce MAbs from RABV isolates from insectivorous bats with an antigenic profile incompatible with the pre-established one. Methodology: An isolate of RABV from the species Eptesicus furinalis that showed an antigenic profile incompatible with the panel utilized was selected. Hybridomas were produced utilizing the popliteal lymph nodes of mice immunized with ribonucleoproteins purified from the isolate. Results: Two MAbs-producing clones were obtained, BR/IP1-3A7 and BR/IP2-4E10. Fifty-seven isolates of RABV from different species of animals and different regions of Brazil were analyzed utilizing the MAbs obtained. In the analysis of 23 RABV isolates from nonhematophagous bats, the MAbs cross-reacted with ten isolates, of which four were of the species Nyctinomops laticaudatus, one of the species Eptesicus furinalis, and five of the genus Artibeus. Of the nine isolates of non-hematophagous isolates that displayed an incompatible profile analyzed, characteristic of insectivorous bats, BR/IP1-3A7 reacted with five (55.55%) and BR/IP2-4E10 with four (44.44%). Conclusions: The MAbs obtained were able to recognize epitopes common between the three genera, Artibeus, Eptesicus, and Nyctinomops, thereby allowing the antigenic characterization of RABV isolates in Brazil.

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“…All isolates confirmed as antigenic variants belong to the species Rabies virus of the genus Lyssavirus, like all the other isolates on the American continents and Caribbean [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Monoclonal antibodies for characterization of rabies virus isolated from non-hematophagous bats in Brazil

Chaves¹,

Achkar²,

Silva³

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…A epidemiologia da raiva varia de acordo com a área geográfica. Em áreas endêmicas o vírus é mantido em um ciclo urbano, tendo como reservatórios cães e gatos, e/ou em um ciclo selvagem, onde os reservatórios variam dependendo da região (Ito et al 2001, Woldehiwet 2002. Na América do Sul, a raiva selvagem é transmitida pela mordedura de morcegos hematófagos, principalmente Desmodus rotunduns (Arelliano-Sota 1988, Baer 1991.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Estudos moleculares de amostras virais de diferentes espécies afetadas pela raiva indicam que no Brasil existem dois diferentes grupos virais que são mantidos, independentemente, por morcegos hematófagos e cães (Ito et al 2001 Manguitos perivasculares linfoplasmocitários multifocais leves em vasos do neurópilo e vasos meníngeos, tumefação endotelial e gliose difusa por toda a substância cinzenta. Tumefação endotelial, predominantemente na substância cinzenta e ocasionais corpúsculos de Negri.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…É causada por um vírus da família Rhabdoviridae, gênero Lyssavirus, e transmitida principalmente a partir da inoculação viral via saliva de um animal infectado (Swanepoel 2004). Duas variantes do vírus são descritas no Brasil, uma associada ao ciclo selvagem, isolada de bovinos e morcegos, e outra associada ao ciclo urbano, isolada de cães, gatos e humanos (Ito et al 2001, Heinemann et al 2002 (Belotto et al 2005). A raiva selvagem, no entanto, é endêmica no rebanho bovino do Estado, onde se constitui como doença neurológica viral de bovinos de maior prevalência (Sanches et al 2000, Silva et al 2006, com maior incidência de casos na primavera e verão (Rech et al 2006a).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Ocorrência de raiva em ovinos no Rio Grande do Sul

et al. 2008

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Cases of rabies in sheep occurring in November 2003, in central Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, are described. A 3-month-old male, and a 2.5-month-old female sheep were affected. Clinical signs were characterized by abnormal gait, trembling, lateral recumbency, convulsion, opisthotonus, and fever. Histological findings included a non-suppurative myelomeningoencephalitis associated with intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion (Negri) bodies in neurons. Lesions were predominantly observed in gray matter of the spinal cord, brainstem and cerebellum. There was non-suppurative Gasserian ganglionitis in one sheep in which this structure was examined. Immunohistochemistry using rabies virus ribonucleoprotein polyclonal antibody yelded positive result in brain tissue from both sheep. The cases herein reported occurred concomitantly to an outbreak of bat transmitted rabies in cattle in the same region and were considered, on epidemiological basis, to be transmitted by bats, as occurs in endemic bovine rabies in Rio Grande do Sul.

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“…Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of those viruses was performed after amplicons sequencing (Ito et al, 2001;Botvinkin et al, 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for rabies virus detection

Dantas

Kimura

Ferreira

et al. 2004

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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Genetic Characterization and Geographic Distribution of Rabies Virus Isolates in Brazil: Identification of Two Reservoirs, Dogs and Vampire Bats

Cited by 100 publications

References 19 publications

Monoclonal antibodies for characterization of rabies virus isolated from non-hematophagous bats in Brazil

Monoclonal antibodies for characterization of rabies virus isolated from non-hematophagous bats in Brazil

Ocorrência de raiva em ovinos no Rio Grande do Sul

Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for rabies virus detection

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