Genome Sequence of a Bacillus anthracis Outbreak Strain from Zambia, 2011

Ohnishi, Naomi; Maruyama, Fumito; Ogawa, Hirohito; Kachi, Hirokazu; Yamada, Shunsuke; Fujikura, Daisuke; Nakagawa, Ichirô; Hang’ombe, Mudenda Bernard; Thomas, Yuka; Mweene, Aaron S.; Higashi, Hideaki

doi:10.1128/genomea.00116-14

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In agreement with previous reports [ 8 , 17 , 19 , 33 ], the French isolates clustered into three canSNP types: A.Br.001/002 (branches located between canSNPs A.Br.001 and A.Br.002), A.Br.011/009 (branches located between canSNPs A.Br.009 and A.Br.011) and B.Br.CNEVA (branches beyond canSNP B.Br.004). The most basal node within group A is defined by the split of the A.Br.005/006 canSNP type represented by one strain from Cameroon [ 17 ] and seven from Zambia [ 34 , 35 ]. The Cameroon strain was previously shown to belong to MLVA cluster E described by Lista et al [ 36 ] corresponding to the "?"…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of French and Worldwide Bacillus anthracis Strains Favors a Recent, Post-Columbian Origin of the Predominant North-American Clade

et al. 2016

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BackgroundBacillus anthracis, the highly dangerous zoonotic bacterial pathogen species is currently composed of three genetic groups, called A, B and C. Group A is represented worldwide whereas group B is present essentially in Western Europe and Southern Africa. Only three strains from group C have been reported. This knowledge is derived from the genotyping of more than 2000 strains collected worldwide. Strains from both group A and group B are present in France. Previous investigations showed that the majority of sporadic French strains belong to the so-called A.Br.011/009 group A clade and define a very remarkable polytomy with six branches. Here we explore the significance of this polytomy by comparing the French B. anthracis lineages to worldwide lineages. We take advantage of whole genome sequence data previously determined for 122 French strains and 45 strains of various origins.ResultsA total of 6690 SNPs was identified among the available dataset and used to draw the phylogeny. The phylogeny of the French B group strains which belongs to B.Br.CNEVA indicates an expansion from the south-east part of France (the Alps) towards the south-west (Massif-Central and Pyrenees). The relatively small group A strains belonging to A.Br.001/002 results from at least two independent introductions. Strikingly, the data clearly demonstrates that the currently predominant B. anthracis lineage in North America, called WNA for Western North American, is derived from one branch of the A.Br.011/009 polytomy predominant in France.Conclusions/SignificanceThe present work extends the range of observed substitution rate heterogeneity within B. anthracis, in agreement with its ecology and in contrast with some other pathogens. The population structure of the six branches A.Br.011/009 polytomy identified in France, diversity of branch length, and comparison with the WNA lineage, suggests that WNA is of post-Columbian and west European origin, with France as a likely source. Furthermore, it is tempting to speculate that the polytomy’s most recent common ancestor -MRCA- dates back to the Hundred Years' war between France and England started in the mid-fourteenth century. These events were associated in France with deadly epidemics and major economic and social changes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of French and Worldwide Bacillus anthracis Strains Favors a Recent, Post-Columbian Origin of the Predominant North-American Clade

et al. 2016

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“…Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis which is irregularly distributed worldwide in places where repeated outbreaks occur [2,3]. Outbreaks of Anthrax occur more frequently in developing countries like Ghana as compared to developed countries [4,5]. Rasko and colleagues in 2011 observed that there are 89 known strains of anthrax with the most widely recognized being the virulent Ames strain [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthrax Outbreak Investigation among Humans and Animals in Northern Ghana: Case Report

Awoonor-Williams

Apanga²,

Anyawie

et al. 2016

IJTDH

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Background: Anthrax is a bacterial infection that affects both animals and humans. It is caused by gram positive bacterium, Bacillus anthracis. It is an acute, specific infectious disease of mainly grass eating animals including cattle, sheep, goats and pigs and common in areas where livestock are raised. It affects humans when exposed to the fur, blood or carcass of an infected animal. A single case of anthrax in any given geographical area has the potential to result in an outbreak in both humans and animals if not handled effectively and in a timely manner. Anthrax disease occurrence is irregular in the northern regions of Ghana with yearly outbreaks.

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“…Finally, the DNA was sequenced using the Ion Torrent PGM with fragment libraries, yielding a total of ~1,249,154,478 bp (coverage of 474 times). Assembly was performed with Mira 4.0.1 and Newbler 2.9 ( 15 ). We used CONTIGuator and FGAP 1.7 ( 16 ) to perform the alignment and gap closure steps, respectively.…”

Section: Genome Announcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Sequence of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis NCDO 2118, a GABA-Producing Strain

et al. 2014

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Genome Sequence of a Bacillus anthracis Outbreak Strain from Zambia, 2011

Abstract: In August 2011, an anthrax outbreak occurred among Hippopotamus amphibius hippopotamuses and humans in Zambia. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the Bacillus anthracis outbreak strain CZC5, isolated from tissues of H. amphibius hippopotamuses that had died in the outbreak area.

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Comparison of French and Worldwide Bacillus anthracis Strains Favors a Recent, Post-Columbian Origin of the Predominant North-American Clade

Comparison of French and Worldwide Bacillus anthracis Strains Favors a Recent, Post-Columbian Origin of the Predominant North-American Clade

Anthrax Outbreak Investigation among Humans and Animals in Northern Ghana: Case Report

Genome Sequence of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis NCDO 2118, a GABA-Producing Strain

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