Genotoxic effect of occupational exposure to cadmium

Abstract

Many studies proved the genotoxic effect of cadmium (Cd) exposure and highlighted the importance of the cytogenetic studies as a sensitive and effective means for early detection of Cd-induced mutagenicity. The relationship between occupational exposure to Cd and increased risk of cancer, particularly lung cancer, has been explored in number of epidemiological studies. The aim of this study is to assess the role of chromosomal abnormalities and sister chromatid exchange as sensitive indicators for the genotoxicity of occupational exposure to Cd. Cytogenetic studies was done for 40 workers (27 smokers and 13 non-smokers) exposed to Cd dust and fumes with 40 control subjects (28 smokers and 12 non-smokers) not exposed to Cd before. Both exposed and control groups were similar in age and other sociodemographic factors. Clinical examination, laboratory investigation including urinary and blood Cd, cytogenic analysis for detection of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchange and environmental study of the work places were done. Statistical analysis of cytogenetic studies revealed the presence of significant elevation of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges of the exposed group. Urinary and blood Cd of the exposed group were significantly higher than that of the control group. These abnormalities were not significantly affected with age, duration of exposure, smoking habits, blood and urinary Cd. In conclusion, the study adds more proof that Cd exposure has a genotoxic effect and highlighted the importance of using cytogenetic studies as a sensitive and effective means for early detection of Cd-induced mutagenicity.

Induction of activation-induced cytidine deaminase by a not-directly mutagenic carcinogen: a novel potential molecular mechanism

“…This result suggests that Cd might have the potential to induce AID in somatic cells via the activation of NF-jB. AID expression in somatic cells has been shown to lead to cytogenetic alteration, which is consistent with the results of cytogenetic studies among subjects with occupational exposure to Cd [21,22].…”

Amelioration of Cadmium-Produced Teratogenicity and Genotoxicity in Mice GivenArthrospira maxima(Spirulina) Treatment

“…Genotoxicity was also induced by the exposure of zebra fish to Cd at environmentally relevant doses [4]. Regardless of the time of exposure, human contact with Cd significantly increased chromosomal aberrations and exchange of sister chromatids in all age groups [5]. …”

Influence of cadmium chloride on the frequency of micronuclei in DA and AO rats

“…Micronuclei formation in humans is associated with various medical conditions (LUZHNA et al, 2013). Human contact significantly increased chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchange in all age groups (ABRAHIM et al, 2011). CONCLUSIONS In these experiments, we showed that CdCl2 treatment significantly increased the frequency of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) of bone marrow of DA and AO rats depending on concentration, gender, age and strain.…”