2018
DOI: 10.1364/optica.5.000233
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Gigahertz speed operation of epsilon-near-zero silicon photonic modulators

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Cited by 103 publications
(55 citation statements)
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“…The electro-optical materials such as graphene and ITO offer the opportunity to implement time-modulated metasurfaces by changing the external bias in time. Due to the quick response of these materials, they allow for modulation speeds up to several gigahertz [29][30][31]. As such, they can be biased using radio-frequency (RF) circuits to realize time-modulated metasurfaces in IR and THz frequencies.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The electro-optical materials such as graphene and ITO offer the opportunity to implement time-modulated metasurfaces by changing the external bias in time. Due to the quick response of these materials, they allow for modulation speeds up to several gigahertz [29][30][31]. As such, they can be biased using radio-frequency (RF) circuits to realize time-modulated metasurfaces in IR and THz frequencies.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The ENZ frequency of CdO is tunable by adjusting its doping level either chemically or through electrostatic gating. Finally, conductive metal oxides including CdO with ENZ responses have found their ways to be integrated with silicon photonics technology 28 , outscoring the possibility of compact, on-chip sources for EUV and attosecond pulses.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In epitaxial CdO grown on sapphire, the effect is prominent up to carrier densities of 3.3 × 10 20 cm −3 , as shown in previous studies . We deposited our CdO films on fused silica substrates keeping in mind practical device‐applications where the films are usually deposited on an oxide (SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , or HfO 2 ) or on silicon . This led to the growth of polycrystalline CdO films (Figure S1.2, Supporting Information), which increased the Drude‐damping caused by scattering across grain boundaries, compared to epitaxial layers grown on sapphire or magnesium oxide .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 69%
“…The exploration of alternative nanophotonic and plasmonic materials in the last decade has led to the demonstration of practical, low‐loss, and high‐speed optical devices. These emerging materials have been utilized in high‐speed, on‐chip electroabsorption modulators, ultrafast all‐optical switches, high‐temperature broadband absorbers, plasmon‐enhanced optical sensors, low‐loss hybrid photonic‐plasmonic waveguides, and tunable metasurfaces . In particular, transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) have received considerable attention in nanophotonics and plasmonics due to their low optical losses .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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