Ginsenoside C‐Mx Isolated from Notoginseng Stem‐leaf Ginsenosides Attenuates Ultraviolet B‐mediated Photoaging in Human Dermal Fibroblasts

Liu, Xiaoyi; Hwang, Eunson; Park, Bom; Ngo, Hien T. T.; Xiao, Yao; Yi, Tae–Hoo

doi:10.1111/php.12940

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Ginsenoside C-Mx alleviated UVB-induced ROS, MMP-1, and IL-6 expression in normal human dermal fibroblasts, while accelerating TGF-β and procollagen type I secretion. It increased the expression of HO-1 and NQO-1 by enhancing the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 [ 95 ]. Ginsenoside C-Y also blocked UVB-exposed ROS, restricted MMP-1 production, and promoted procollagen type I synthesis.…”

Section: Plant-derived Natural Nrf2 Modulators For Skin Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural Nrf2 Modulators for Skin Protection

Boo

2020

Antioxidants

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Since the discovery of antioxidant responsive elements (ARE), which are commonly found in the promoter of the Phase II metabolism/antioxidant enzymes, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), the transcription factor that binds to ARE, the study conducted in this field has expanded remarkably over the decades, and the Nrf2-mediated pathway is now recognized to occupy a central position in cell defense mechanisms. Induction of the Phase II metabolism/antioxidant enzymes through direct activation of Nrf2 can be a promising strategy for preventing degenerative diseases in general, but a dark side of this strategy should be considered, as Nrf2 activation can enhance the survival of cancer cells. In this review, we discuss the historical discovery of Nrf2 and the regulatory mechanism of the Nrf2-mediated pathway, focusing on the interacting proteins and post-translational modifications. In addition, we discuss the latest studies that examined various natural Nrf2 modulators for the protective roles in the skin, in consideration of their dermatological and cosmetic applications. Studies are reviewed in the order of time of research as much as possible, to help understand how and why such studies were conducted under the circumstances of that time. We hope that this review can serve as a steppingstone in conducting more advanced research by providing a scientific basis for researchers newly entering this field.

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Section: Plant-derived Natural Nrf2 Modulators For Skin Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Terpenoid compounds activating the Nrf2-mediated pathway [ 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 ]. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Nrf2 Modulators for Skin Protection

Boo

2020

Antioxidants

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“…Ginsenosides are major active components of ginseng ( Wong et al, 2015 ). In skin physiology, ginsenosides are known to regulate pigments and exert antiaging effects ( Nam et al, 2017 ; Liu et al, 2018 ). Ginsenoside Rg1 was found to increase melanogenesis and the tyrosinase activity in human melanocytes ( Gao et al, 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Photoaging and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Ginsenoside Rk3 During Exposure to UV Irradiation

et al. 2021

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Ginseng is a widely cultivated perennial plant in China and Korea. Ginsenoside Rk3 is one of the major active components of ginseng and is a promising candidate to regulate skin pigments and exert anti-photoaging effects on skin physiology. Ginsenoside Rk3 was mixed with a cream (G-Rk3 cream) and smeared on the skin of mice. Then, the mice were exposed to ultraviolet (UV) A (340 nm and 40 W) and UVB (313 nm and 40 W) radiation. Special attention was given to the anti-photoaging and anti-inflammatory effects of ginsenoside Rk3 on the mouse skin. Macroscopic evaluation indicated that the mouse dorsal skin looked smooth and plump even under UV irradiation for 12 weeks. Pathological analysis indicated that there was no obvious photoaging or inflammation in the mouse skin that was treated with the G-Rk3 cream. More healthy, intact, and neat collagen fibers were observed in mice treated with the G-Rk3 cream than in untreated mice. Further analysis proved that ginsenoside Rk3 could inhibit the decrease in water and hydroxyproline levels in skin tissues and the loss of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the blood. Moreover, ginsenoside Rk3 slowed or halted increases in malondialdehyde, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, and MMP-3 levels in the blood and levels of interleukin 1, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α in skin tissues. In conclusion, ginsenoside Rk3 plays a significant role in inhibiting photoaging and inflammation to protect skin health.

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“…In skin physiology, ginsenosides exhibit antiaging activity . Furthermore, ginsenosides can potentially be used as natural antioxidants that decrease ROS generation . Ginsenoside C‐Y, 20‐O‐[α‐L‐arabinopyranosyl‐(1 → 6)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl]‐20(S)‐protopanaxdiol, is a minor ginsenoside in P. ginseng .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In skin physiology, ginsenosides exhibit antiaging activity (21,22). Furthermore, ginsenosides can potentially be used as natural antioxidants that decrease ROS generation (23). Ginsenoside C-Y, 20-O-[a-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 ?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiphotoaging and Antimelanogenesis Properties of Ginsenoside C‐Y, a Ginsenoside Rb2 Metabolite from American Ginseng PDD‐ginsenoside

Liu

Xiao

Hwang

et al. 2019

Photochem & Photobiology

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Ginsenosides are compounds responsible for the primary pharmacological effects of American ginseng. Compound‐Y (C‐Y) is a minor ginsenoside and a metabolite of Panax ginseng. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of ginsenoside UVB‐irradiated NHDFs and its potential for use as an antihyperpigmentation agent through ginsenoside C‐Y as a functional food and cosmetic ingredient. Ginsenoside C‐Y is a natural antioxidant isolated from the American ginseng PDD‐ginsenoside. Our data showed that ginsenoside C‐Y block UVB‐exposed ROS, restrict MMP‐1 production and promote procollagen type I synthesis. Interestingly, ginsenoside C‐Y suppresses UVB‐exposed VEGF, and TNF‐α secretion, could be related with NFAT signal path. Ginsenoside C‐Y has exhibited photoaging effects by increasing TGF‐β1 level, fortifying Nrf2 nuclear translocation and restricting AP‐1 and MAPK phosphorylation. Assessment of the melanogenic response indicated that ginsenoside C‐Y inhibited melanin secretion and tyrosinase activity and decreased melanin content in Melan‐a and zebrafish embryos. These results suggest that ginsenoside C‐Y can be used as a potential botanical agent to protect premature skin from UVB‐induced photodamage and prevent skin hyperpigmentation.

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Ginsenoside C‐Mx Isolated from Notoginseng Stem‐leaf Ginsenosides Attenuates Ultraviolet B‐mediated Photoaging in Human Dermal Fibroblasts

Cited by 20 publications

References 46 publications

Natural Nrf2 Modulators for Skin Protection

Natural Nrf2 Modulators for Skin Protection

Anti-Photoaging and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Ginsenoside Rk3 During Exposure to UV Irradiation

Antiphotoaging and Antimelanogenesis Properties of Ginsenoside C‐Y, a Ginsenoside Rb2 Metabolite from American Ginseng PDD‐ginsenoside

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