Global Muon Detector Network Used for Space Weather Applications

Rockenbach, M.; Lago, A. Dal; Schuch, Nelson Jorge; Munakata, K.; Kuwabara, T.; Oliveira, A. G.; Echer, E.; Braga, Carlos Roberto; Mendonça, R. R. S.; Kato, C.; Kozai, M.; Tokumaru, M.; Bieber, J. W.; Evenson, P. A.; Duldig, M. L.; Humble, J. E.; Jassar, H. K. Al; Sharma, Madan Mohan; Sabbah, I.

doi:10.1007/s11214-014-0048-4

Cited by 30 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…It also has been used for studying the physical aspects of these interplanetary structures (Munakata et al 2005;Kuwabara et al 2009). Furthermore, the GMDN has been used for studying a specific cosmic ray flux variation called loss-cone anisotropy, often recorded prior to the arrival at the Earth of interplanetary disturbances related to solar phenomena, which can be used as a tool for space weather prediction (Kuwabara et al 2006;Fushishita et al 2010;Rockenbach et al 2014). The appropriate removal of temperature effect on GMDN data may improve the results of these studies.…”

Section: The Global Muon Detector Network (Gmdn)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Temperature Effect in Secondary Cosmic Rays (Muons) Observed at the Ground: Analysis of the Global Muon Detector Network Data

Mendonça

Braga

Echer

et al. 2016

ApJ

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The analysis of cosmic ray intensity variation seen by muon detectors at Earthʼs surface can help us to understand astrophysical, solar, interplanetary and geomagnetic phenomena. However, before comparing cosmic ray intensity variations with extraterrestrial phenomena, it is necessary to take into account atmospheric effects such as the temperature effect. In this work, we analyzed this effect on the Global Muon Detector Network (GMDN), which is composed of four ground-based detectors, two in the northern hemisphere and two in the southern hemisphere. In general, we found a higher temperature influence on detectors located in the northern hemisphere. Besides that, we noticed that the seasonal temperature variation observed at the ground and at the altitude of maximum muon production are in antiphase for all GMDN locations (low-latitude regions). In this way, contrary to what is expected in high-latitude regions, the ground muon intensity decrease occurring during summertime would be related to both parts of the temperature effect (the negative and the positive). We analyzed several methods to describe the temperature effect on cosmic ray intensity. We found that the mass weighted method is the one that best reproduces the seasonal cosmic ray variation observed by the GMDN detectors and allows the highest correlation with long-term variation of the cosmic ray intensity seen by neutron monitors.

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Section: The Global Muon Detector Network (Gmdn)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Temperature Effect in Secondary Cosmic Rays (Muons) Observed at the Ground: Analysis of the Global Muon Detector Network Data

Mendonça

Braga

Echer

et al. 2016

ApJ

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“…The anisotropy and density gradient associated with the interplanetary disturbances have been investigated by a number of studies (e.g. Kuwabara et al, 2009[18], Fushishita et al, 2010 [9], and Rockenbach et al, 2014 [27]) using the GMDN. However, all of them are confined to the analysis of individual event or special phenomena such as the magnetic flux rope or precursory anisotropy.…”

Section: Pos(icrc2015)059mentioning

confidence: 99%

Average features of the interplanetary shock observed with the Global Muon Detector Network (GMDN)

Kozai¹,

Munakata²,

Kato³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2015)

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From three-dimensional spatial density gradient of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) observed with the Global Muon Detector Network (GMDN), we derive average features of the GCR depleted region behind the IP (interplanetary) shock. We identify 207 IP-shocks that passed the earth based on the geomagnetic storm sudden commencements (SSCs) and extract 50 events that are associated with solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in a period between 2006 and 2014. From the first order GCR anisotropy corrected for the solar wind convection and Compton-Getting effect arising from the earth's orbital motion, we deduce the density gradient on an hourly basis for each event. We then derive the average temporal variation of the density gradient by superposing its variations at the SSC onset timing. We confirm that the density gradient components are clearly enhanced after the shock passage, indicating the existence of GCR depleted region behind the shock which causes the Forbush Decrease in the cosmic ray intensity. The enhancement of the radial gradient shows longer duration when the earth has encountered the western flank of the shock, implying an asymmetric shielding effect of the shock on the GCRs. The longitudinal gradient, on the other hand, shows that the GCR density minimum is located around the longitudinal center behind the shock, which can be ascribed to the centered ejecta driving IP-shock.

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“…The detection areas of MDs, except one at Nagoya which has an area of 6 m x 6 m, have been enlarged in several steps and are currently 4 m x 4 m at Hobart, 4 m x 8 m at São Martinho da Serra and 5 m x 5 m at Kuwait, respectively. The GMDN has been continuously in operation, precisely observing the anisotropy on hourly basis [2,3]. The GMDN data are available on the internet for open access at a web page: http://cosray.shinshu-u.ac.jp/crest/DB/Public/Archives/GMDN.php.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The influence of the diurnal anisotropy to the GG-component can be eliminated by taking an average over one day when the anisotropy is stationary at least over one day, but this elimination may not work if the anisotropy changes dynamically within a day, as often observed with the GMDN [13,14,3]. It is important, therefore, to examine whether the NSA derived from the GG-component is consistent with the anisotropy observed by the GMDN which is capable of accurately measuring the anisotropy with better time resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

North-south anisotropy of galactic cosmic rays observed with the Global Muon Detector Network (GMDN)

Munakata¹

2016

Proceedings of the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2015)

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We analyze the north-south anisotropy (NSA) of galactic cosmic rays observed with the GMDN on an hourly basis and compare with the anisotropy derived from the GG-component of a large multidirectional muon detector at Nagoya, Japan. The NSA is a component of the three dimensional anisotropy vector parallel to the Earth's rotation axis. We find a significant seasonal variation of the NSA from the GG-component indicating the influence of the anisotropy component in the ecliptic plane to the NSA. We calculate the average and standard deviation of daily mean NSAs in the "toward" (T) and "away" (A) IMF sectors separately in each Carrington Rotation between December 1993 and November 2014. It is confirmed that the temporal variations of the NSA observed with the GMDN and GG-component are consistent with each other, as reported earlier. We find the T-A separation between average NSAs in T and A sectors shows a long-term variation with minima (maxima) around the solar activity minima (maxima). The standard deviation in each rotation also shows a similar long-term variation, keeping the ratio of T-A separation to the standard deviation roughly constant thorough out an entire period of analysis. We discuss this in relation with the "success rate" which is introduced as a parameter indicating to what extent we can infer the IMF sector polarity from the sign of the observed NSA.

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Global Muon Detector Network Used for Space Weather Applications

Cited by 30 publications

References 22 publications

The Temperature Effect in Secondary Cosmic Rays (Muons) Observed at the Ground: Analysis of the Global Muon Detector Network Data

The Temperature Effect in Secondary Cosmic Rays (Muons) Observed at the Ground: Analysis of the Global Muon Detector Network Data

Average features of the interplanetary shock observed with the Global Muon Detector Network (GMDN)

North-south anisotropy of galactic cosmic rays observed with the Global Muon Detector Network (GMDN)

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