Global, regional and local health impacts of civil aviation emissions

Yim, Steve Hung Lam; Lee, Gideon L; Lee, In Hwan; Allroggen, Florian; Ashok, Akshay; Caiazzo, Fabio; Eastham, Sebastian D.; Malina, Robert; Barrett, Steven R. H.

doi:10.1088/1748-9326/10/3/034001

Cited by 149 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 61 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For all PM species considered, sources in Asia represented over 60 % of the global anthropogenic total (Table 7), with residential combustion being the most important sector, although its share declines with increasing particle size: about 60 % for BC and OC, 45 % for PM 2.5 and less than 40 % for PM 10 for which large combustion sources and industrial processes are equally important (Table 8). Yim et al (2015), and based on global fuel consumption and ranges of emission factors from Kinsey (2009). b GFED3.1 without agricultural waste burning that is included based on GAINS estimates in category "Agriculture"; PM 10 value based on TPM (total particulate matter); PM 1 not available in GFED -here assumed equal to PM 2.5 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global anthropogenic emissions of particulate matter including black carbon

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of historical global anthropogenic particulate matter (PM) emissions including the consistent and harmonized calculation of mass-based size distribution (PM 1 , PM 2.5 , PM 10 ), as well as primary carbonaceous aerosols including black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC). The estimates were developed with the integrated assessment model GAINS, where source-and region-specific technology characteristics are explicitly included. This assessment includes a number of previously unaccounted or often misallocated emission sources, i.e. kerosene lamps, gas flaring, diesel generators, refuse burning; some of them were reported in the past for selected regions or in the context of a particular pollutant or sector but not included as part of a total estimate. Spatially, emissions were calculated for 172 source regions (as well as international shipping), presented for 25 global regions, and allocated to 0.5 • × 0.5 • longitude-latitude grids. No independent estimates of emissions from forest fires and savannah burning are provided and neither windblown dust nor unpaved roads emissions are included.We estimate that global emissions of PM have not changed significantly between 1990 and 2010, showing a strong decoupling from the global increase in energy consumption and, consequently, CO 2 emissions, but there are significantly different regional trends, with a particularly strong increase in East Asia and Africa and a strong decline in Europe, North America, and the Pacific region. This in turn resulted in important changes in the spatial pattern of PM burden, e.g. European, North American, and Pacific contributions to global emissions dropped from nearly 30 % in 1990 to well below 15 % in 2010, while Asia's contribution grew from just over 50 % to nearly two-thirds of the global total in 2010. For all PM species considered, Asian sources represented over 60 % of the global anthropogenic total, and residential combustion was the most important sector, contributing about 60 % for BC and OC, 45 % for PM 2.5 , and less than 40 % for PM 10 , where large combustion sources and industrial processes are equally important. Global anthropogenic emissions of BC were estimated at about 6.6 and 7.2 Tg in 2000 and 2010, respectively, and represent about 15 % of PM 2.5 but for some sources reach nearly 50 %, i.e. for the transport sector. Our global BC numbers are higher than previously published owing primarily to the inclusion of new sources.This PM estimate fills the gap in emission data and emission source characterization required in air quality and climate modelling studies and health impact assessments at a regional and global level, as it includes both carbonaceous and non-carbonaceous constituents of primary particulate matter emissions. The developed emission dataset has been used in several regional and global atmospheric transport and climate model simulations within the ECLIPSE (Evaluating the Climate and Air Quality Impacts of Short-Lived Pollutants) project and beyo...

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global anthropogenic emissions of particulate matter including black carbon

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similar to Yim et al (2019), the initial and boundary air quality conditions were provided by GEOS-Chem v8.3.2, with a spatial resolution of 4°× 5°of GEOS-Chem (Bey et al, 2001). GEOS-Chem is a global chemical and transport model that has been commonly used in various studies on global air quality and extensively evaluated through observation (Yim et al, 2015). Emissions outside the PRD region were provided by the INTEX-B 2006 regional emission inventories (Guenther et al, 2006) and the leaf area index derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer were used to estimate biogenic emissions.…”

Section: Chemistry Transport Model and Its Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Urbanization on Ozone and Resultant Health Effects in the Pearl River Delta Region of China

Yim

Wang

et al. 2019

JGR Atmospheres

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The United Nations has reported that 55% of the global population resides in urban areas, and 68% of the population is expected to be urban dwellers by 2050. Urbanization has critical implications for global land cover. Relevant literature has provided evidence attributing climatic effects to urban expansion; however, few studies have investigated the effect on public health and pollutant sensitivity to emissions. This study aimed to characterize the effect of urbanization‐induced changes in regional climate on ozone (O3), to evaluate ozone sensitivity to nitrogen oxide (NOx) and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, and to estimate premature mortalities due to O3 exposure. We employed atmospheric models with the higher‐order decoupled direct method to simulate effects of urbanization on O3 and to determine O3 sensitivity to NOx and VOC emissions. China‐specific concentration response functions were utilized to estimate cardiovascular and respiratory mortalities due to ozone exposure. Urbanization increased O3, which translated to a 39.6% increase in O3‐induced premature mortality (1,100 deaths). Moreover, O3 has become less/more sensitive to unit changes in NOx and VOC emissions in various cities. Urban greening may reduce urban temperature, but it may increase O3 in some cities due to the additional VOC emissions of greening. These findings highlight the strong interactions between land use policies, urban climate adaptation strategies, and air quality policies, suggesting the need of cobeneficial strategies and policies. We proposed a precision environmental management concept that emphasizes the importance of considering the specific atmospheric condition and composition of a city when formulating its environmental policies.

show abstract

“…By embedding this study within the previous global study of WEST2013, we are the first to investigate the co-benefits of foreign GHG mitigation for US air quality and human health. Previous studies have also investigated the effects of air pollution from specific emission sectors on premature mortality, both globally (Lelieveld et al 2015, Morita et al 2014, Yim et al 2015, Silva et al 2016b and regionally (Caiazzo et al 2013, Fann et al 2012). Here we conduct three new sensitivity simulations to quantify the air quality and health co-benefits of GHG reductions in three US emission sectors: industry, residential and energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%