Gold of the Pharaohs – 6000 years of gold mining in Egypt and Nubia

Klemm, Dietrich D.; Klemm, R. B.; Murr, Andreas

doi:10.1016/s0899-5362(01)00094-x

Cited by 136 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…No Egito antigo, a região do deserto oriental abasteceu o império com cerca de 250 minas com a produção durante várias dinastias egípcias [4]. Possui alta resistência ao ataque químico, alta condutividade elétrica, ductilidade e alta densidade (19,3g/cm 3 ).…”

Section: Ourounclassified

Caracterização Das Formas De Ocorrência E Associações De Ouro Por Análise De Imagens Quantitativa

Costa¹,

Nery²,

Ulsen³

et al. 2017

Tecnol. Metal. Mater. Min.

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ResumoAs unidades de beneficiamento de minério de ouro buscam cada vez mais uma produção de baixo custo e maximização dos ganhos financeiros. A caracterização tecnológica está inserida em uma abordagem multidisciplinar que permite agregar conhecimento, alternativas de otimização e redução nos custos de operação. Inserida como uma ferramenta na caracterização tecnológica, a análise de imagens automatizada tem relevante papel na mineração devido a agilidade, robustez estatística e confiabilidade nas análises. A técnica pode ser realizada por meio de imagens adquiridas em microscópio eletrônico de varredura, associada a microanálises químicas podendo ser utilizadas em diversas etapas em um empreendimento mineiro. Este estudo tem como objetivo a caraterização tecnológica de minério de ouro utilizando a técnica de análise de imagens automatizada por Mineral Liberation Analyser (MLA). A ferramenta da análise de imagens automatizada mostrou-se bastante eficiente definindo características particulares tais como a identificação das associações minerais, composição mineralógica, partição dos elementos e grau de acessibilidade dos grãos de ouro, o que fornece de forma objetiva subsídios para os trabalhos de planejamento de mina e processamento mineral. Palavras-chave: Caracterização tecnológica; Análise de imagens; Minério aurífero. QUANTITATIVE IMAGE ANALYSIS FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF GOLD OCCURENCE AND ASSOCIATION AbstractEvolution in gold ore processing units are increasingly focused towards efficiency seeking routines, leading to a low-cost and maximal financial gain. The mineral characterization, inserted into a multidisciplinary approach enables a knowledge adding dynamics that results in optimization alternatives and operating cost reduction. Being one of commonly used tools in mineral characterization, automated image analysis plays an important role in the mining sector mainly due to its rapid analysis, statistical robustness and reliability of the results. The technique can be performed using images acquired in a scanning electron microscope, usually associated with chemical microanalysis having applications in different stages of a mining venture. The following study aims to produce a mineral characterization using an automated image analysis technique by MLA. The automated image analysis tool proved to be very efficient defining particular features such as gold association, mineralogical composition, partition of the elements and accessibility of gold grains, which provides an objective subsidy for mine planning work and mineral processing.

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Section: Ourounclassified

Caracterização Das Formas De Ocorrência E Associações De Ouro Por Análise De Imagens Quantitativa

Costa¹,

Nery²,

Ulsen³

et al. 2017

Tecnol. Metal. Mater. Min.

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“…For thousands of years, the rocks of the ANS were explored for gold, silver, copper, and lead, success being marked by hundreds of ancient mines and oretreatment sites that testify to skillful mining and metallurgical innovation as much as 6000 years ago [6]. "Modern" geologic investigations date from the early 19 th century.…”

Section: Scope Of Geologic Research In the Arabian-nubian Shieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Expanding Arabian-Nubian Shield Geochronologic and Isotopic Dataset: Defining Limits and Confirming the Tectonic Setting of a Neoproterozoic Accretionary Orogen

Johnson¹

2014

TOGEOJ

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Geologic investigations of the Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) are supported by a valuable, expanding dataset of geochronologic ages and isotopic analyses. U-Pb zircon SIMS, TIMS, and evaporation data provide robust temporal control on depositional, volcanic, and intrusive events. Nd, Sr, O and, increasingly, Hf isotopic studies provide insights into magma sources and constraints on crustal recycling. Apart from well-established exceptions where Paleoproterozoic and Archean rocks intercalated in the ANS underwent Neoproterozoic reworking, the data elegantly confirm the Neoproterozoic age and juvenile character of the bulk of the ANS. The geochronologic and isotopic data reveal that some ANS sedimentary, volcanic, and igneous rocks contain pre-Neoproterozoic material as xenocrysts and possible glaciogenic clasts, but give no evidence that the ANS is otherwise underlain by any extensive tracts of older crust. Together with structural mapping, the expanding dataset confirms ANS boundaries where long-inferred in the west and suggests the placement of hitherto uncertain boundaries elsewhere. The suggested boundaries imply that the ANS is of a somewhat smaller size than considered in published discussions, which in turn impacts assessment of Neoproterozoic crustal growth rate. The Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) is an accretionary orogen at the northern end (present-day coordinates) of the East African Orogen. It is one of the largest expanses of mantle-derived, juvenile Neoproterozoic crust on Earth, underlying an area of ~2.7 x 10 6 km 2 . Its western boundary is a contact with pre-Neoproterozoic crust belonging to the Saharan Metacraton and Congo-Tanzania Craton. Farther south, the ANS is in contact with the Congo-Tanzania Craton and Mozambique Belt. A southeastern ANS margin is recognized as a contact with pre-Neoproterozoic gneiss belonging to a crustal block referred to as Azania. An eastern ANS margin, long a topic of debate, is suspected beneath Phanerozoic cover in central Arabia, and a northwestern margin with late Mesoproterozoic crust is suspected in Sinai.

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“…a It is known that the Egyptians mined gold before 3500 BCE in the eastern desert of Egypt and in Nubia. 1 The Turin Papyrus drawn during the reign of Ramesses IV (1151-1145 BCE) is the earliest known topographic and geological map. 2 Along with specifics of the geology and topography, it shows an ancient gold-working settlement, gold-bearing quartz veins in Wadi Hammamat, a dry river bed in Egypt's eastern desert.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Nanoparticles in the Past: Before the Nanotechnology Era

Louis¹

2017

Gold Nanoparticles for Physics, Chemistry and Biology

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Gold of the Pharaohs – 6000 years of gold mining in Egypt and Nubia

Cited by 136 publications

References 14 publications

Caracterização Das Formas De Ocorrência E Associações De Ouro Por Análise De Imagens Quantitativa

Caracterização Das Formas De Ocorrência E Associações De Ouro Por Análise De Imagens Quantitativa

An Expanding Arabian-Nubian Shield Geochronologic and Isotopic Dataset: Defining Limits and Confirming the Tectonic Setting of a Neoproterozoic Accretionary Orogen

Gold Nanoparticles in the Past: Before the Nanotechnology Era

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