Grammaticalization, polysemy and iterated modality: the case of should.

Epistemic evaluation in factual contexts in English

“…If a content clause is evaluated as concordant with the speaker's expectations, the fact that it is said to be normal, natural or not surprising is indicative that the speaker cannot commit himself or herself to the truth of that proposition, hence the use of would or should in the subordinate clause. In that position, should marks what Arigne (2007) calls "fatal necessity" and is not in line with the evaluative judgement expressed at the superordinate level. Would marks predictability and has the same orientation as the superordinate proposition.…”

“…In addition, as pointed out by Behre (1950) and Arigne (2007), the subordinate clause is presented as an instance of "fatal necessity": "the thing or event referred to by the proposition was originally felt as being imposed or imposing itself upon the subject" (Arigne 2007). Arigne argues that this inverted relation produces a sense of conflict that is reflected in the superordinate clause.…”

“…It is not, then, the actual de re event that is called into question by the speaker, but the addressee's de dicto statement. This use of should is compared by Arigne (2007) and Larreya & Rivière (2010: 121) with the use of vouloir in second person questions in French.…”

“…It is the fact that the subject may find an answer or some personal satisfaction that is being evaluated. As stressed by Arigne (2007), a fact should not be confused with an event, as it is the representation of an event.…”

The Multiple Grammaticalization of Romanian veni ‘come’. Focusing on the Passive Construction

“…Furthermore, the different modal meanings, essentially pertaining to root modality, expressed by the veni-passive structure verify the idea that distinct modal meanings generate one another (Arigne 2007). Grammatical aspect, which is syntactically superior to root modality (Hacquard 2009: 279, 285;cf.…”