Graphene–aluminum nanocomposites

Bartolucci, Stephen F.; Paras, Joseph; Rafiee, Mohammad A.; Rafiee, Javad; Lee, Sabrina; Kapoor, Deepak; Koratkar, Nikhil

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2011.07.043

Cited by 556 publications

(269 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…49 As such, degradation of strength with MoTe 2 content is to be expected given the platelet aggregation observed in Fig 1E. The strain at break also decreases relatively uniformly with increased levels of MoTe 2 . This behaviour has been observed for several other MMCs 9,24,25,28,30,32,34 and indeed polymer nano-composite materials 7,13,48,[50][51][52][53][54][55] .…”

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confidence: 70%

“…Previous studies have observed strength increases at relatively low loading level followed by a falloff at higher filler content for MMCs filled with both carbon nanotubes 25,26,32 and graphene 24 . A strength decrease, often at higher loading levels is commonly observed for nanomaterial-filled polymer composites.…”

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confidence: 90%

“…Of nanomaterial-reinforced MMCs, much attention has been devoted to using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to reinforce metals. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Additionally, Boron Nitride nanotubes have been used to reinforce aluminium. 37 Only recently have reports surfaced where two dimensional filler materials have been utilised in MMCs.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…37 Only recently have reports surfaced where two dimensional filler materials have been utilised in MMCs. In each case the filler was graphene 38 or graphene oxide 9,24 while the matrix was aluminium. Impressive results were achieved with a neardoubling of tensile strength observed in one case.…”

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Reinforcement of metal with liquid-exfoliated inorganic nano-platelets

May

Khan

Coleman

2013

Applied Physics Letters

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We have prepared metal matrix composites (MMCs) of a pewter alloy filled with liquid-exfoliated Molybdenum Telluride (MoTe 2 ) nano-platelets. The combination of MoTe 2 and pewter was chosen due to their near-identical densities, thus reducing the scope for buoyancy-induced separation during melt mixing. The addition of nanofiller results in a doubling of the Young's modulus, Y, for a volume fraction, V f , of <1 % MoTe 2 , corresponding to a reinforcement of dY/dV f =110 GPa. We find that this degree of reinforcement to be reasonably consistent with that predicted by a simplified version of Halpin-Tsai theory.Over the last decade, the study of 2-dimensional (2D) nano-materials has become one of the most active areas of nanoscience. Since the discovery of graphene 1 and more recently, the surge of interest in inorganic 2D materials, 2-4 such nanostructures have been used to demonstrate a host of applications in areas from composites to energy storage to optoelectronics. 2-5 Particularly important will be applications which harness the impressive mechanical properties of 2D nano-materials. It is well known that graphene is the strongest, stiffest material known to man with strength and elastic modulus values of 130 and 1000 GPa respectively. 6 Indeed graphene nanosheets have been used in a number of mechanical applications particularly as a reinforcing filler in composites. 7-9 Less well known is the fact that boron nitride (BN) nanosheets display very similar mechanical properties to graphene. 10 Indeed a host of 2D nano-materials have Young's moduli which surpass 100 GPa. 11 Perhaps more importantly these materials may have strengths 11 as high as 36 GPa (estimated for layered WO 2 assuming its strength,  B , and modulus, Y, scale in a manner similar to MoS 2 : Y=11.7 B ) 12 . However, to the author's knowledge only three papers describe using inorganic 2D materials to mechanically reinforce any matrices; in all cases reinforcement of polymer matrices with BN nanosheets. [13][14][15] In many ways this is surprising. It was recently shown that a range of layered compounds can be exfoliated by sonication in liquids to give large quantities of 2D nanosheets. [16][17][18][19] The advantage of such liquid processing is that the resultant suspensions can be used to make a range of materials and structures including composites. 3 Because of the exceptional mechanical properties of 2D materials, 11 we would expect such composites to display enhanced mechanical properties.The vast majority of reports on nano-composites describe using nano-materials to reinforce polymer matrices. 8 Yet, many other types of composites exist; including for

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confidence: 90%

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confidence: 99%

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Reinforcement of metal with liquid-exfoliated inorganic nano-platelets

May

Khan

Coleman

2013

Applied Physics Letters

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“…Even though, mechanical properties of nano reinforcements based on carbon, such as nanotubes and graphenes are being found to be with a notorious mechanical behavior over other allotropic carbon forms, the production micrometric reinforcements such carbon fiber and graphite can be carried out in bulk production, in comparison with nanometric carbon reinforcements. However, the mechanical performance of metal matrix composites reinforced with nanometric BCR particles has been shown an steadily increase interest by the scientific community, and numerous studies of nanometric BCR particles such nanotubes [1], graphite nanoparticles [2], and recently the use of graphenes [3] have been published in the field of polymer-and metal-based composites, reporting a positive effect in the final mechanical properties of the produced composites when they are homogeneously dispersed in the matrix [4].Thus, it is important to study the mechanical and microstructural behavior of several BCR in the production of composites. For this purpose, in this work, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), carbon fiber (CF) and graphite powder (GP) were used as reinforcement in the production of aluminum composites.…”

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Based-Carbon Reinforcements for Aluminum Composites

Pérez-Bustamante¹,

Acosta-Peña²,

Reyna-Cruz³

et al. 2013

Microsc Microanal

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Based-carbon reinforcements (BCR) are interesting materials capable to be applied in several fields in materials science. Because of their excellent chemical, physical and mechanical properties, they are widely applied in electronic, automotive and aircraft industry. In the field of composites, BCR offer the possibility of increasing the mechanical performance of novel materials produced by a wide variety of techniques. However their application shows a dependence of the amount of material produced at reasonable prices. Even though, mechanical properties of nano reinforcements based on carbon, such as nanotubes and graphenes are being found to be with a notorious mechanical behavior over other allotropic carbon forms, the production micrometric reinforcements such carbon fiber and graphite can be carried out in bulk production, in comparison with nanometric carbon reinforcements. However, the mechanical performance of metal matrix composites reinforced with nanometric BCR particles has been shown an steadily increase interest by the scientific community, and numerous studies of nanometric BCR particles such nanotubes [1], graphite nanoparticles [2], and recently the use of graphenes [3] have been published in the field of polymer-and metal-based composites, reporting a positive effect in the final mechanical properties of the produced composites when they are homogeneously dispersed in the matrix [4].Thus, it is important to study the mechanical and microstructural behavior of several BCR in the production of composites. For this purpose, in this work, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), carbon fiber (CF) and graphite powder (GP) were used as reinforcement in the production of aluminum composites. The dispersion of BCR was carried out by milling in a high-energy Spex 8000M device. Employed milling time was set to 5 h. Particles reinforcements were added in 1.0 wt.% concentration in an Al7075 matrix. All runs were performed under an argon atmosphere. Methanol was added as process control agent in order to avoid the excessive agglomeration of particles. Powders were cold consolidated under 850 MPA of pressure. Consolidated samples were sintered at 500 °C, under argon atmosphere during 2 h. Raw materials were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), whilst composites were microstructurally characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical behavior of the composites was evaluated in the as-milled and sintering condition through Vickers microhardness with test with 500 g of load and a dwell time of 15 s. As reference, an unreinforced Al7075 aluminum alloy was produced according to the previous synthesis conditions. Fig. 1 shows secondary electron SEM micrographs of the morphology of the four BCR particles used in the production of BCR/Al7075 composites. It is shown in Fig. 1a CNTs with a diameter in the range of 20-60 nm, whilst Fig. 1b displays GNPs where are presented regions of few grap...

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