Green synthesis of platinum nanoparticles that induce cell death and G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest in human cervical cancer cells

Abstract

Platinum-based chemotherapeutic drugs, including cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, have been used to manage cancer in spite of dose-dependent side effects, including nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and ototoxicity. These disadvantages have prompted the development of new strategies for cancer therapy that utilize functionalized nanoparticles as nanomedicines. In the present investigation, we have synthesized platinum nanoparticles using tea polyphenol (TPP) as both a reducing and surface modifying agent. The crystalline nature and morphology of the prepared TPP-functionalized platinum nanoparticles (TPP@Pt) were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD results revealed that the TPP@Pt had a crystalline nature with a face-centered cubic structure. TEM imaging suggested that the TTP@Pt are flower shaped with a well-dispersed 30-60 nm-sized TPP@Pt formation. Cervical cancer cells (SiHa) were then treated with different concentrations of TPP@Pt. The effects of TPP@Pt on cell viability, nuclear morphology and cell cycle distribution were investigated. A cell viability assay revealed that the proliferation of SiHa cells was inhibited by TPP@Pt. Propidium iodide nuclear staining indicated that TPP@Pt induced nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation. Treatment with TPP@Pt significantly increased the percentage of cells in the G2/M phase, which indicates induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and an increased number of cells in the subG0 cell death phase. These findings highlight a potential use of TPP@Pt in cervical cancer treatment.

Biological synthesis of metallic nanoparticles: plants, animals and microbial aspects

“…catechins, theaflavins and thearubigins and their experimentation with Au 3? cations confirmed the involvement of these biomolecules in the GS of Au nanoparticles [46,64]. Similarly, isolation and purification of the tetra-nortriterpenoid azadirachtin has confirmed the reducing and capping role of Azadirachta indica in the GS of Au and Ag nanoparticles [45].…”

“…Similarly, isolation and purification of the tetra-nortriterpenoid azadirachtin has confirmed the reducing and capping role of Azadirachta indica in the GS of Au and Ag nanoparticles [45]. Commercially available pure tea polyphenol (from Sigma) has been applied for the green synthesis of Pt nanoparticles [64]. These findings can be a very good platform in designing experiments for GS at large scale.…”

Carbon nanoparticle induced cytotoxicity in human mesenchymal stem cells through upregulation of TNF3, NFKBIA and BCL2L1 genes

“…The extensive use of nanomaterials in several products, including electronics, cosmetics, textiles, medicines, paints, packaging and food materials, has raised health and environmental safety concerns for regulatory authorities Alshatwi et al, 2015;Stark et al, 2015;Rao et al, 2006;Chaudhry et al, 2008). Nanotoxicologists are beginning to evaluate the potential risks of engineered nanoparticles on health and the environment to overcome the insufficient toxicological information and current regulatory regimes in an effort to ensure the safe development and use of nanomaterials in commercial products (Aitken et al, 2009).…”

“…Because of their unique physical, chemical and biological properties, nanomaterials are causing a revolution in various enterprises, including electrical engineering, information technology and the food, medical and textile industries Alshatwi et al, 2015;Stark et al, 2015;Rao et al, 2006;Chaudhry et al, 2008). As a result, the occupational and public exposure to nanomaterials is increasing gradually year by year.…”

Radiosensitivity in HeLa cervical cancer cells overexpressing glutathione S-transferase π 1

“…The majority of studies have reported that G 2 /M phase arrest is negatively correlated with cell radiosensitivity, with significant radiation resistance occurring in the S phase or in G 2 /M phase arrest (16,17). Particularly in the G 2 phase, longer duration of the cell cycle arrest results in more frequent occurrence of potentially lethal DNA damage repair.…”