GdAl 3 (BO 3 ) 4 :Ln 3? (Ln 3? :Eu 3? , Tb 3? , Dy 3? ) nano-phosphors were prepared by sol-gel method. The structure properties of the phosphors are characterized by XRD, and GdAl 3 (BO 3 ) 4 :Ln 3? nano-phosphors have average sizes around 40 nm. The doping concentrations of Eu 3? , Tb 3? and Dy 3? ions in GdAl 3 (BO 3 ) 4 nano-phosphors are from 1 to 9 mol% for Eu 3? ions, from 2 to 12 mol% for Tb 3? ions and from 1 to 5 mol% for Dy 3? ions, respectively. The luminescent properties of rare-earth ions doped GdAl 3 (BO 3 ) 4 nano-phosphors are analyzed by the photoluminescence spectra, which prime doping concentration of Eu 3? , Tb 3? , and Dy 3? ions are at 5, 12 and 3 mol%, respectively. The energy transfers in the luminescent processes of rare-earth ions doped GdAl 3 (BO 3 ) 4 nano-phosphors are discussed.