Growth defect density in PVD hard coatings prepared by different deposition techniques

Panjan, Peter; Gselman, Peter; Kek-Merl, D.; Čekada, Miha; Panjan, Matjaž; Dražić, Goran; Bončina, Tonica; Zupanič, Franc

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.09.020

Cited by 68 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It has been demonstrated that a smooth substrate surface finish provides a coating with a lower defect density, and accordingly, not only improves the adhesion of the coating but also improves the corrosion resistance and results in a lower friction coefficient within a tribological couple [6,[14][15][16][17]. Panjan et al have investigated the origin of growth defects and their distribution across a surface, demonstrating that the formation of growth defects is variable, both in time and in space [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of coating architecture and defects on the corrosion behaviour of a PVD multilayer Inconel 625/Cr coating

Daure

Voisey

Shipway

et al. 2017

Surface and Coatings Technology

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This paper investigates the effect of substrate surface finish and deposition conditions of PVD multilayer Inconel 625/Cr coatings on their ability to act as a corrosion-barrier. The corrosionbarrier performance of the coatings was characterized by potentiodynamic testing and salt-spray testing followed by image analysis of the exposed surface; further coating properties were investigated through XRD, SEM, EDX and scratch testing. The results show that multilayering produced the expected improvement in scratch resistance however it did not affect corrosion behaviour. Interrupting the deposition process did not decrease the defect density. Defect density was observed to reduce with decreasing substrate surface finish. The corrosion barrier performance of the multilayer Inconel 625/Cr coating (bp100 nm) was greatly improved for coatings deposited on a polished substrate. For the multilayer Inconel 625/Cr coating system used in this work multilayering and process interruption did not prevent defects from limiting the corrosion barrier effectiveness of the coatings. Corrosion barrier performance was successfully enhanced by the use of low roughness substrates to minimise the defect density.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of coating architecture and defects on the corrosion behaviour of a PVD multilayer Inconel 625/Cr coating

Daure

Voisey

Shipway

et al. 2017

Surface and Coatings Technology

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“…Many studies have been performed on increasing the scratch resistance and hardness of glass using ceramic coatings . Recently, sol–gel, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and physical vapor deposition (PVD) methods have attracted great attention because of their ability to reproducibly synthesize high‐quality films. Among them, PVD methods, such as sputtering, are often employed due to resulting coating uniformity, high scratch resistance, and precise thickness monitoring capability .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Transparent Scratch Resistant Coating through Direct Oxidation of Al‐Coated Glass

et al. 2016

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The authors develop a protective transparent coating of aluminum oxide through direct oxidation of aluminum-coated glass. Aluminum coatings are deposited on low-iron glass substrates using a physical deposition method and then oxidized at different temperatures. A uniform nano-porous structure with grain sizes of approximately 30-80 nm is observed. X-ray diffraction, TEM images, and EDX analysis indicate the formation of crystalline g-Al 2 O 3 , Si, and stishovite-SiO 2 as a result of interdiffusion. The samples treated at different temperatures have hardness values ranging from 5 to 9 H, which is within the desirable range for industrial scratch-resistant coatings. The optical transmission of around 75-85% at visible wavelengths makes the proposed technique useful for the design of protective transparent coatings. [**] The authors are grateful to the Physical Analysis Group at INM for the structural characterizations and to B. Heiland for TEM sample preparation. We thank Mr. R. Karos for performing XRD measurements and for valuable discussions. We also acknowledge the contributions of B. Schäfer for ellipsometry measurements. The authors would like to thank Prof. R. Bennewitz and Dr. A. Caron for the AFM measurements.

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“…Indeed, since the surface of the substrate is the starting point for film growth, the surface topography (roughness, defects, impurities) has a direct impact on the final structure and morphology of the material. As a consequence of the presence of substrate surface defects, the films deposited by a PVD process may contain undesired defects such as hillocks, pinholes, and craters [6–7]. The formation of hillocks has been encountered in case of various processes such as evaporation and sputtering [7–9], ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) [10–11], chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [12–13] and electroplating [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dealloying of gold–copper alloy nanowires: From hillocks to ring-shaped nanopores

Chauvin¹,

Delacôte²,

Boujtita³

et al. 2016

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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SummaryWe report on a novel fabrication approach of metal nanowires with complex surface. Taking advantage of nodular growth triggered by the presence of surface defects created intentionally on the substrate as well as the high tilt angle between the magnetron source axis and the normal to the substrate, metal nanowires containing hillocks emerging out of the surface can be created. The approach is demonstrated for several metals and alloys including gold, copper, silver, gold–copper and gold–silver. We demonstrate that applying an electrochemical dealloying process to the gold–copper alloy nanowire arrays allows for transforming the hillocks into ring-like shaped nanopores. The resulting porous gold nanowires exhibit a very high roughness and high specific surface making of them a promising candidate for the development of SERS-based sensors.

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Growth defect density in PVD hard coatings prepared by different deposition techniques

Cited by 68 publications

References 23 publications

The effect of coating architecture and defects on the corrosion behaviour of a PVD multilayer Inconel 625/Cr coating

The effect of coating architecture and defects on the corrosion behaviour of a PVD multilayer Inconel 625/Cr coating

Development of a Transparent Scratch Resistant Coating through Direct Oxidation of Al‐Coated Glass

Dealloying of gold–copper alloy nanowires: From hillocks to ring-shaped nanopores

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