Growth of ferromagnetic nanoparticles in a diluted magnetic semiconductor obtained byMn+implantation on Ge single crystals

Direct structural evidences of Mn11Ge8 and Mn5Ge2 clusters in Ge0.96Mn0.04 thin films

“…10 Jamet et al 11 and Li et al 9 found nanosized Mn-rich GeMn columns in the GeMn films grown on Ge. Bihler et al 6 and Passacantando et al 8 reported Mn 5 Ge 3 clusters in the epitaxially grown GeMn films and the ion implanted GeMn alloys. In contrast, Park et al 12 and Biegger et al 13 deduced the existence of Mn 11 Ge 8 ferromagnetic clusters in the GeMn thin films, based on the ratio of Mn and Ge concentration and the extraordinary magnetic properties found in their GeMn films.…”

“…Therefore, the knowledge of Mn distribution is essential to understand the origin of ferromagnetism of Ge x Mn 1−x DMS films. It has been reported that inhomogeneous Mn distributed in Ge films tends to form Mn-rich magnetic precipitates, [6][7][8] such as Mn 5 Ge 3 and Mn 11 Ge 8 . 10 Jamet et al 11 and Li et al 9 found nanosized Mn-rich GeMn columns in the GeMn films grown on Ge.…”

“…1,2 In particular, Ge x Mn 1−x DMS has attracted considerable attention. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Many attempts have been devoted to obtaining a room-temperature ferromagnetic Ge x Mn 1−x DMS with high concentration and uniformly distributed Mn. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] However, the fact of the low solubility of Mn in Ge makes it a challenge task to secure a high Curie temperature DMS.…”

Конкуренция зонного и прыжкового механизмов переноса носителей заряда в тонких пленках Ge : Mn

“…Подробно методика изготовления образцов тон-ких пленок описана в работах [13][14][15][16]. Структура пленок и валентное состояние ионов марганца были иссле-дованы ранее методами просвечивающей электронной микроскопии, рентгеновской дифракции, рентгеновской фотоэлектронной спектроскопии [13][14][15][16]. Было установ-лено, что пленки Ge : Mn содержат кластеры Ge 3 Mn 5 со средним диаметром 4.3 nm, а также изолированные ионы Mn 2+ в узлах кристаллической решетки германия (рис.…”

Strain and correlation of self-organizedGe1−xMnxnanocolumns embedded in Ge (001)

“…If the growth is performed at higher temperature or if the film is annealed, more stable phases can be seen, such as Mn 5 Ge 2 , Mn 5 Ge 3 or Mn 11 Ge 8 clusters. 14,21,24,26,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] Many studies have shed light on the magnetic and electronic properties of the GeMn nanocolumns and inclusions. 15,16,19,26,32,33,[36][37][38] In terms of structural properties, the relationship between the GeMn layer and the Mn 5 Ge 3 clusters is now well known.…”