Growth of sputter-deposited gold nanoparticles in ionic liquids

Vanecht, Evert; Binnemans, Koen; Seo, Jin Won; Stappers, Linda; Fransaer, Jan

doi:10.1039/c1cp20552h

Cited by 72 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This was also concluded in a study of sputter-deposited gold nanoparticles in ILs. 30 TEM analysis, conducted a few hours after the absorbance has reached a constant value, revealed that the Cu NPs are spherical with an average diameter of 3.0 ± 0.5 nm ( Figure 4A) which is consistent with the value obtained by XRD. Since only the larger NPs exhibit a SPR band, the change in the peak intensity, which is a function of the increase in the number of the Cu NPs in the system reaching this diameter, can be used as a measure of the rate at which these NPs are formed.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…43 It is also known that plasmon resonance bands are usually absent for very small NPs (<2.5 nm in diameter). 30 The absorption peak intensity increases as a function of time and the peak systematically shifts to higher wavelengths (610 nm, 60 minutes after the addition of NaBH 4 ). The shift of the SPR band to higher wavelengths has been attributed to aggregation of NPs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Growth Behavior of Copper and Platinum Nanoparticles in an Imidazolium Based Ionic Liquid

Iflah

Zilbermann

Pevzner

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The formation of Cu and Pt nanoparticles in an imidazolium-based ionic liquid was followed by UV-Visible spectroscopy. The different growth processes, autocatalytic first order and oriented second order, for Cu and Pt, respectively, is attributed to the different chemical nature of the metal particles surface. Stabilization through layering of the particles surface by the ionic liquid has an important impact on the use of noble and non-noble metal nanoparticles in energy conversion systems such as fuel cells and CO 2 electrocatalytic reduction to useful fuels. Nanoparticles (NPs) possess unique optical, thermal, electronic, and catalytic properties which strongly depend on their size, shape, and monodispersity. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] As such, there is an increasing interest of comprehending the complex process by which NPs are generated. NPs generation includes nucleation and growth processes. LaMer investigated the formation of sulfur sols and suggested nucleation which can occur until a nucleus of critical size is obtained. 8,9 Further growth on the nucleus according to this mechanism is spontaneous but diffusion limited. Finke and coworkers have disputed LaMer mechanism and proposed a continuous nucleation slow process followed by a subsequent autocatalytic surface growth process. [10][11][12] Ostwald ripening is another coarsening mechanism in which larger nanocrystals grow at the expense of smaller ones and is driven by the higher solubility of small NPs. 13,14 Coalescence between particles, known also as aggregation growth, has recently been revealed to play an important role in the NPs growth.15-18 Some in situ analytical techniques, such as small angle X-ray scattering, 15 optical spectroscopy which has been applied for semiconductor NPs,19 and TEM 20 have been used to clarify the different processes involved in the generation of NPs.The stability of metal NPs relies mainly on the steric and/or electronic protection provided by different types of water or organic solvent soluble stabilizers such as surfactants, polymers, quaternary ammonium salts, and polyoxoanions. 21,22 It has been reported in this respect that ionic liquids (ILs) stabilize NPs without adding a surface ligand and by means of their interaction with metals which is exclusive to their components structure. [23][24][25] The ILs possess other unique properties such as low vapor pressure, wide liquidus range, highly ionic environment, wide electrochemical window and pre-organized structure.26 Thus, the synthesis of NPs in ILs is becoming a very active field of research 20,27-34 which has been reviewed in recent literature. [35][36][37][38][39] However, while the stability of NPs in ILs has been widely investigated, NPs growth mechanisms and kinetic aspects in these media are still not fully understood. Imidazolium-based ILs form extended hydrogen bonds and a π-π stacking network. They are consequently highly structured and are described as "supramolecular" fluids. 26,40,41 This structured organization favors well-defined and extended ordering...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Growth Behavior of Copper and Platinum Nanoparticles in an Imidazolium Based Ionic Liquid

Iflah

Zilbermann

Pevzner

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…5. After these inspiring works, the physical sputtering method flourished in the NPs synthesis [167][168][169][170][171][172].…”

Section: Noble Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of plasma–liquid interactions for nanomaterial synthesis

Chen¹,

Li²,

Li³

2015

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

312

225

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Over the past decades, a new branch of plasma research, the nanomaterial (NM) synthesis by plasma-liquid interactions (PLIs), is rapidly rising, mainly due to the recently developed various plasma sources operated from low to atmospheric pressures. The PLIs provide novel plasma-liquid interfaces where many physical and chemical processes take place. By exploiting these physical and chemical processes, various NMs ranging from noble metal nanoparticles to graphene nanosheets can be easily synthesized. The currently rapid development and increasingly wide utilization of the PLI method naturally lead to an urgent requirement for presenting a general review. This paper reviews the current status of research on plasma-liquid 2 interactions for nanomaterial syntheses. Focus is on the comprehensive understanding of the synthesis process and perceptive opinions on the present issues and future challenges in this subject.

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“…The growth of Au NPs after sputtering into 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide (BMI-N(CN) 2 ), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMI-PF 6 ), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate (BMI-TfO), BMI-TFSI, and BMI-BF 4 was studied by Vanecht and coworkers [22]. The sputtering experiments were performed under argon at a pressure of 0.1 mbar, an electric current of 50 mA, a sputter time of 60 s, and a target-substrate distance of 40 mm with a gold target.…”

Section: Single Materials Np Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, metal NP synthesis using ionic liquids will be discussed, which includes the synthesis of single material NPs and the effect of sputtering conditions [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27], various alloying strategies [15,23,24,28], and techniques for transferring synthesized NPs [29][30][31]. Subsequently, we discuss NP synthesis using low-volatile polymers, including the use of thiol compounds and transfer techniques [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Nanoparticle Synthesis via Liquid Medium Sputtering and its Applications

Young¹,

Yoo²,

Jang³

2016

Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology

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Nanoparticles (NPs), which have been investigated intensively as electrocatalysts, are usually synthesized by chemical methods that allow precise size and shape control. However, it is difficult to control the components and compositions of alloy NPs. On the other hand, the conventional physical method, sputtering with solid substrates, allows for facile composition control but size control is difficult. Recently, "liquid medium sputtering" has been suggested as an alternative method that is capable of combining the advantages of the chemical and conventional physical methods. In this review, we will discuss NP synthesis via the liquid medium sputtering technique using ionic liquid and low-volatile polymer media. In addition, potential applications of the technique, including the generation of oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts, will be discussed.

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Growth of sputter-deposited gold nanoparticles in ionic liquids

Cited by 72 publications

References 35 publications

Growth Behavior of Copper and Platinum Nanoparticles in an Imidazolium Based Ionic Liquid

Growth Behavior of Copper and Platinum Nanoparticles in an Imidazolium Based Ionic Liquid

A review of plasma–liquid interactions for nanomaterial synthesis

Recent Progress in Nanoparticle Synthesis via Liquid Medium Sputtering and its Applications

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