Gut microbiome status of urban and rural Filipino adults in relation to diet and metabolic disorders

Abstract

Here, we aim to understand the condition of the gut microbiome of Filipino adults in relation to their diet and metabolic status. Compared to rural Albay (n = 67), the gut microbiome of subjects living in urban Manila (n = 25) was more colonized by the order Clostridiales, which was negatively correlated with host carbohydrate consumption. Principal component analysis using the genus composition of the 92 total subjects indicated four microbiome types: one type driven by Prevotella, which was associated with high rice consumption and mainly consisted of healthy Albay subjects, one Clostridiales-driven group containing a number of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) subjects from both Manila and Albay who showed lower butyrate levels in association with a decrease in Mediterraneibacter faecis, and the other two types showing dysbiosis-like microbiomes with Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium overgrowth, with a high ratio of T2D and obese subjects. Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested high dietary energy intake, and two Veillonellaeae genera, Dialister and Megasphaera, as T2D risk factors, while Prevotella and M. faecis as anti-T2D factors. In conclusion, low-carbohydrate diets restructured the Prevotella-driven gut microbiome, which may predispose Filipino people with high energy diet to T2D.

Characterization of the Gut Microbiota in Urban Thai Individuals Reveals Enterotype-Specific Signature

“…In this study, one-third of all participants belonged to EnP, while the remaining two-thirds were corresponding with EnB, respectively. This is consistent with other studies that reported that gut microbiota of urban people occupied Bacteroides rather than Prevotella [ 32 , 75 , 76 ]. Other enterotypes could not be detected in our dataset.…”

Gut Microbiota in Patients with Prediabetes

“…Similar to the results of previous studies [23,25,29,[32][33][34]44], this study found that Blautia, Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Anaerostipes, Mediterraneibacter, and Butyricicoccus abundances were relatively higher in healthy fecal samples than in prediabetic fecal samples. Anaerostipes and Faecalibacterium can help maintain the integrity of the intestinal mucosa by producing butyrate.…”

Crisis of the Asian gut: associations among diet, microbiota, and metabolic diseases

“…To address the relationships between consumed foods and gut microbiota more directly, we performed cross-sectional studies in two countries, Mongolia [ 55 ] and the Philippines [ 56 , 57 ]. In each country, we collected food consumption data as well as gut microbiome data in urban and rural sites.…”