“…Our understanding of the timing of evolution of Adephaga is currently provisioned by studies of all Coleoptera (Hunt et al ., 2007; McKenna et al ., 2015, 2019; Toussaint et al ., 2017a; Zhang et al ., 2018a, 2018b; see also Misof et al ., 2014; Rainford et al ., 2014; Tong et al ., 2015), or studies of specific adephagan lineages too narrow in scope to generalize to the entirety of Adephaga (e.g. Vogler & Pearson 1996; Balke et al ., 2004; Pons et al ., 2004; Ribera et al ., 2008; Ober & Heider 2010; Andújar et al ., 2012, 2016, 2017; Hawlitschek et al ., 2012; Faille et al ., 2013, 2014; Bukontaite et al ., 2014, 2015; Moore & Robertson 2014; Toussaint et al ., 2015, 2017b; López‐López et al ., 2016; Morinière et al ., 2016; Tsuji et al ., 2016; Gustafson et al ., 2017; Désamoré et al ., 2018; Gustafson 2018; Toussaint & Gillett 2018; Villastrigo et al ., 2018, 2021; Baca & Short, 2020). Some of the studies that estimated divergence times at the broader coleopteran level included tree topologies for Adephaga inconsistent with those recovered by the aforementioned phylogenomic and morphological investigations specifically focused on this suborder (Mckenna et al ., 2015; Toussaint et al ., 2017a; Zhang et al ., 2018a, 2018b) or were too broad in scope to weigh in on key relationships (Mckenna et al ., 2019).…”