Health Status of Coral Reef in Tunda Island, Banten Province, Indonesia

Abstract

Coral reef is an important underwater ecosystem supporting people’s lives in coastal areas. One of the communities depending on the coral reef ecosystem for its food, livelihood, shoreline protection, and recreation needs is a community in Tunda Island. This research aims to analyze and determine the health status of coral reef in the island using a survey method. It was conducted in July 2018 and July 2019. Underwater photography transects were established at two depth areas of ± 3-4 m (shallow water) and ± 10-11 m (reef slope). Analysis of the results of live coral cover was divided into eight categories of groups based on CPCe output series 4.1. The values of coral reef cover at first depth (± 3-4 m) were 64.86% (east side of the island), 55.76% (north toward east side), and 32.22% (west side). The values of coral reef cover at second depth (± 10-11 m) were 36.36%, 25.00%, and 23.63% on the north toward east, east, and central north sides of the island, respectively. In shallow waters of Tunda Island, the coral reef health is classified as moderate to good, mostly those located on the east and the north toward the east sides. At reef slope, the coral reef health is classified as damaged to poor, particularly those located on the south and the south toward the west sides. The difference in the health values implies that most corals occur in shallow waters while deep corals differ from those near the surface and are not safe from impacts of the activities in the coastal area of Tunda Island.

Hydro-oceanography Profile Condition at Tunda Island Serang District Banten Province, Indonesia

“…The range bathymetry of Tunda Island's waters demonstrates the quality standards appropriate for the survival of coral reefs, mangroves, seagrass, spiny lobsters, sea cucumbers and dolphins. Tunda Island is a small island surrounded by coral reefs (Mujiyanto et al, 2020) and seagrass (Sugianti et al, 2021), while the presence of mangroves on the south, east, and west sides as well as on the north side (Mujiyanto et al, 2021). When referring to the literature described in Table 1, The bathymetry range can be an area for coral reef survival.…”

“…Tunda Island Area Development Plan, according to Serang Regency Regional Ordinance No. 2/2013 in Mujiyanto et al (2020), was being developed as a tourist destination and protected area based on ecological conservation. Tunda Island is located in the north of Java Island, precisely in the northern part of Serang Regency and is close to the Thousand Islands group and included in the waters of Banten Bay (Sasongko et al, 2020).…”

Reef fish community structure in the islands of Paraja Bay, Pandeglang District, Banten, Indonesia

“…Data collected of reef fish using the belt transect method (English et al 1997;Hill and Wilkinson 2004) along 50 meters with a line transect can be 2.5 meters right side and 2.5 meters left side (Figure 2). Placement of the transect line at a depth of 3-4 meters (shallow water) because it is closely to related the life patterns of reef fish and other organisms in coral reef ecosystems, so descriptions of the life patterns between biota can be clearly to explain (Mujiyanto et al 2020). Identification of reef fish used the manuals provided by Kuiter and Tonozuka (2001), Tupper and Sheriff (2008) and Allen et al (2013).…”

Resilience Community Livelihood : Case Study on Tunda’s Island Community

“…Tunda Island is located in Serang Regency and part of 17 island in the north of Jaca island, Banten Province (Mujiyanto, Garcia, Haryadi, Rahayu & Budikusuma, 2020). Serang Regency is one of the Regencies in Banten Province which have potential non-biological resources (island) that can be serve as a marine tourism destination in to support regional developement and community in the area.…”