Heart Rate Variability Reactivity Moderates the Indirect Link Between Child Maltreatment and Young Adult Alcohol Use Problems Via Depressive Symptoms

Liu, Sihong; Oshri, Assaf; Duprey, Erinn B.

doi:10.1111/ajad.13004

“…Studies have shown that substance misuse elicits numerous adverse effects on the brain [3], autonomic nervous system [4], cardiovascular function [5], and sleep quality of individuals [6]. In terms of the autonomic nervous system, substance misuse exhibits numerous significant differences in physiological parameters compared with nonusers [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substance Misuse Decreases Heart Rate Variability

Lu

¹

,

Chou

²

,

Chang

³

et al. 2022

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There are few biomarkers to reflect the physiological conditions for substance misuse. In this study, autonomic nervous and cardiovascular parameters were measured for participants in deferred prosecution programs. The goal of this study is to develop significant biomarkers of the above subjects and enhance their motivation to join further substance misuse disorder treatment program. This study recruited 34 participants with a mean age of 35.1 years. The participants spent approximately five minutes filling in the basic information form and another five minutes filling in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rate variability data were also measured. Their sleep quality was measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI) with an average score of 8.6 and average systolic and diastolic pressure measured of 116.1 ( standard deviation SD = 13.7 ) and 77.9 mmHg ( SD = 8.1 ) during resting, respectively. Average heartbeat rates are 90.4 beats per minute ( SD = 17.0 ); and average low-frequency power ratio is 56.4% ( SD = 19.8 %). Of the participants, 35% exhibited a low-frequency power rate below 30% and above 70%. The average biological HRV age of the participants was 46.0 years ( SD = 22.9 ), which was significantly older than their average actual age ( p = 0.002 ∗ ∗ ). The biological HRV age of the participants is 10 years older than their own actual age, and it effectively reflects the physiological conditions of participants in deferred prosecution programs. These physiological parameters, especially the biological HRV age, can be used in future treatment for substance use disorder counseling programs to increase the illness insight of program participants and increase their motivation to join further substance misuse disorder treatment program.

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“…Individuals with ACEs were more likely to use or abuse alcohol or other substances during early adulthood; this association was pronounced for multiple ACEs. 5,6,99-147 Interestingly, Crandall et al 99 showed that when counter-ACEs were included in the model, they weakened the significant association of ACEs with substance use. This suggests that positive and encouraging childhood experiences can not only “cancel out” the effect of adverse experiences but also serve as a protective factor against substance use in early adulthood.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Associations of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) With Substance Use in Young Adults: A Systematic Review

Sebalo,

Königová,

Sebalo Vňuková

et al. 2023

Subst�Abuse

4

0

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Introduction: Young adulthood is a transitional period between adolescence and adulthood. Due to the unique pressures of taking on a new social role and associated uncertainties, young adults are at heightened risk for drug and alcohol use. Furthermore, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increases the likelihood of using maladaptive coping strategies such as using substances to avoid or soothe negative emotions. The current review aimed to summarize the associations between exposure to ACEs before the age of 18 years and subsequent drug or alcohol use between the ages of 18 and 25 years. Methods: The review was performed in accordance with the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The literature search of the Web of Science, PubMed, and PsycINFO databases was conducted in February 2022. Results: The initial search yielded 7178 articles, with 777 duplicates. Consequently, 6401 titles were inspected for relevance. After reading the full text, 88 articles were included in the review. Conclusion: This review provides clear evidence that exposure to multiple ACEs is a robust risk factor for the use of alcohol, cannabis and other drugs by young adults. Poor self-regulation and maladaptive coping strategies were identified as mechanisms explaining this link; however, further detailed research is needed.

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“…Further, there is a disparity in access to mental health services to improve behavioral health outcomes in rural populations (Ziller & Coburn, 2018 ). Liu et al ( 2020 ) specifically highlighted the rationale for studying alcohol use problems in a rural sample was to inform prevention and intervention programs targeting rural young adults. Similarly, Murry and colleagues ( 2013 ; 2014 ) described the need to apply findings to address HIV/AIDS disparities among African American males in the rural south.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the microsystem level, process variables like Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and child-maltreatment appear to be more prevalent in rural communities (Sedlak et al, 2010 ; Crouch et al, 2019 ), which was specifically cited as a reason for selecting a rural sample to study how this impacted rural young adult development (Liu et al, 2020 ). Carrillo ( 2016 ) cited the lack of Latinx representation in rural teachers in primary and secondary education as a barrier to feeling at “home” in the new Latin south.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Rural Context in the Transition to Adulthood: A Scoping Review

Fenton

¹

,

Forthun

²

,

Aristild

³

et al. 2021

Adolescent Res Rev

7

0

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Rural adolescents are transitioning to adulthood in the context of growing disparities. To advance research on the social, behavioral, and contextual factors that influence rural young adult development, this study conducted a scoping review. The review sought to identify how researchers defined rural and how/which theories guided their work; how they integrated the rural context into the research design and methods; and how they used variables, concepts, and outcomes to measure rural experiences. Included articles were published between January 2009 and November 2020, included young adults ages 18–29, measured adult role achievement and/or behavioral health outcomes and reported on these outcomes for young adults, and focused on a rural sample within the United States. A systematic search of four databases resulted in 25 empirical articles for the inductive, qualitative analysis. Most studies used atheoretical approaches focusing on outcomes related to adult social roles, substance use, and mental health. Five themes emerged focused on the definitions of rural, the level of integration into the research design and method, and variables salient to the rural experience. These results reveal that future research should clearly define the rural context and better integrate the rural context into the conceptualization, design, methods, and implications of the empirical research.

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Heart Rate Variability Reactivity Moderates the Indirect Link Between Child Maltreatment and Young Adult Alcohol Use Problems Via Depressive Symptoms

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

Substance Misuse Decreases Heart Rate Variability

Substance Misuse Decreases Heart Rate Variability

The Associations of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) With Substance Use in Young Adults: A Systematic Review

The Role of the Rural Context in the Transition to Adulthood: A Scoping Review

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