Heat shock response: hsp70 in environmental monitoring

Abstract

Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are a ubiquitous feature of cells in which these proteins cope with stress-induced denaturation of other proteins. Among the different families of Hsps, the 70 kDa family (hsp70) is the most highly conserved and has been most extensively studied. Apart from their primary role in cellular defense under stress condition, a number of studies in recent years have shown the immense potential of hsp70 in pollution monitoring using even transgenic approach both in vivo and in vitro. This article reviews the recent developments in the widespread application of hsp70 in environmental risk assessment. C

Solar radiation stress in climbing snails: behavioural and intrinsic features define the Hsp70 level in natural populations of Xeropicta derbentina (Pulmonata)

“…Only a few centimeters above the soil, the temperatures decline and conditions hence become more comfortable for the snails (Cowie 1985;Kempster and Charwa 2003). With lower temperatures, the cellular stress is decreasing and the Hsp70 level is expected to adjust at a moderate level (Feder and Hofmann 1999;Mukhopadhyay et al 2003). However, internal temperature as one of the factors within our model set emerged not to be meaningful, with a probability of 15.8-18.5 % only, in regard to explain the Hsp70 level variation.…”

“…Since the Hsp70 machinery reacts to a variety of stressors and since these stress proteins are phylogenetically highly conserved and ubiquitous throughout all biota, they have been used to monitor the effects of environmental stressors in numerous taxa. In this regard, the Hsp70 level is commonly accepted to reflect the 'stress status' (in view of proteotoxicity) of organisms (Köhler et al 1992;Triebskorn and Köhler 1996;Feder and Hofmann 1999;Lewis et al 1999;Köhler et al 2000;Mukhopadhyay et al 2003).…”

Stress response in mesoangioblast stem cells

“…As it can be induced by various stresses such as hyperthermia, oxidative stress, heavy metals and amino-acid analogs, it can be used as a stress marker. 4,5 In mouse, the HSP70 family contains at least seven members, including two stress inducible proteins (HSP 70.1, HSP 70.3) 6,7 called HSP70i and proteins constitutively expressed (HSC70, Grp78, Grp75). Moreover, two additional genes are developmentally regulated (hsp 70.2, hsc 70t).…”

Differential GFP Expression Patterns Induced by Different Heavy Metals in Tg(hsp70:gfp) Transgenic Medaka (Oryzias latipes)

“…Heat shock protein (HSPs) are highly conserved proteins to respond to environmental stressors and they are commonly found in all organisms from bacteria to high vertebrates (Mukhopadhyay et al 2003). HSPs were initially found to respond to thermal assault but were also observed to be elevated by other environment stressors such as chemical insult, oxidative stress, and ultraviolet light (Morimoto 1998).…”

“…Many chemicals, especially heavy metals such as arsenic and cadmium, have shown to upregulate hsp70 in organisms examined. Since it is one of the prominent genes that are upregulated in environmental perturbations, it has been often advocated to be used as a biomarker in environmental monitoring (Mukhopadhyay et al 2003;Bierkens 2000;Yoshimi et al 2009). Assays such as real time PCR, Western blot, and transfected cells culture with a hsp70 promoter-driven reporter gene have been commonly used to determine the level of Hsp70, but these assays are generally labor-intensive, costly, and lack of physiological context like in vivo models.…”