“…The temperature trend during the exposure process is explained above. In addition to the approximate estimate proposed, the temperatures of the x-ray mask and film fixed to a cooled substrate were calculated using the heat conductivity equation, as previously demonstrated [42][43][44]. For an average electron current of 70 mA in the synchrotron source at an electron energy of 1.2 GeV, a helium pressure in the exposure chamber of 80 mTorr, a proximity of 350 µm, a scanning speed of 20 mm s −1 , and a scanning amplitude of 30 mm, the overheating of the x-ray mask with a diameter of 25 mm was approximately 1 • relative to the substrate.…”