Heavy metals: leaching from glazed surfaces of tea mugs

Ajmal, Mohammad; Khan, Ahsanullah; Nomani, Azhar A.; Ahmed, S. R.

doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(97)00244-1

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Wallace et al stated that the mugs were "badly degraded," and that a similar new cup released only 200 μg of lead (800 μg/L) in the same conditions (Wallace et al 1985, p. 290). Ajmal et al (1997) investigated lead leaching into tea from ceramic mugs in India. They reported that measured lead concentrations in the tea were below the limit of detection (Ajmal et al 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ajmal et al (1997) investigated lead leaching into tea from ceramic mugs in India. They reported that measured lead concentrations in the tea were below the limit of detection (Ajmal et al 1997). To our knowledge, then, the current study is the first to evaluate lead leaching into coffee and tea from ceramic mugs purchased in the 21 st century in the U.S. (with the exception of the Red Decorative mug, which was purchased in Europe).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A pilot study to assess lead exposure from routine consumption of coffee and tea from ceramic mugs: comparison to California Safe Harbor Levels

et al. 2017

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Background: Lead (Pb) is a pervasive metal that can be found in, and potentially leached from, ceramics, particularly into acidic foods and beverages. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential lead exposure from coffee and tea consumption, given that both are acidic and routinely consumed from ceramic mugs. We measured the concentration of lead in coffee and tea at two different time points brewed in five readily available mugs known to contain lead. Results were compared to EPA's action level for drinking water and FDA's allowable level for bottled water. The measured concentrations, along with consumption patterns, were also used to calculate potential daily lead doses, which were compared to California's Safe Harbor Levels under Proposition 65. Additionally, we estimated changes in adult and fetal blood lead levels using EPA's Adult Lead Methodology model. Findings: The results of this pilot study suggest that lead in ceramic mugs can leach into coffee and tea. The measured lead concentrations ranged from 0.2 to 8.6 μg/L in coffee, and from <0.2 to 1.6 μg/L in tea. No statistical differences were found between the measured concentrations in coffee, tea, or water within each cup, or in the measured concentrations between retention times within each cup. However, a statistically significant difference was observed in the lead concentrations measured between cups, indicating that the lead concentrations were dependent on the cup used, rather than on the beverage or retention time. The estimated daily dose of lead exceeded the California Maximum Allowable Dose Level of 0.5 μg per day for one of the five mugs tested. Blood lead levels did not increase above regulatory or guidance values. Conclusions: This preliminary investigation provides data on potential lead exposures from daily beverage consumption among typical consumers, relevant to a substantial portion of the population, with particular implications for pregnant women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pilot study to assess lead exposure from routine consumption of coffee and tea from ceramic mugs: comparison to California Safe Harbor Levels

et al. 2017

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“…With the exception of Petit et al, (2003) who reports a case-study of lead poisoning following the use of metallic teapots, most cases are identified for "mugs" (Ajmal et al, 1997;Ziegler et al, 1988 andZuckerman et al, 1989), earthenware containers (Hellström et al, 2006) or ceramics (Hellström et al, 1997 andPhan et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tea brewed in traditional metallic teapots as a significant source of lead, nickel and other chemical elements

Bolle

Brian

Petit

et al. 2011

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

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“…Daily consumption of fish by subsistence fishermen adds 130 ng of Pb exposure each day (Tchounwou et al, 1996). Pb, leached from ceramic and glass containers (14.2 mol/l), can contaminate food and beverage (Graziano et al, 1996;Ajman et al, 1997). This is a well-known hazard and is associated with low fired ceramics made in Mexico and commonly available in Arizona.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluations of primary metals from NHEXAS Arizona: distributions and preliminary exposures

O'Rourke

Water

Jin

et al. 1999

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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NHEXAS AZ is a multimedia, multipathway exposure assessment survey designed to evaluate metals and other analytes. This paper reports the analytespecific concentration distributions in each of the media examined (air, soil, house dust, food, beverage, and water), for various methodologies used (inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy and hydride generation-atomic absorption spectroscopy). Results are reported for the five primary metals (Pb, As, Cd, Cr, and Ni). Ingestion was the most important pathway of exposure. Metal concentrations in air were very low (ng / m 3 ) and found only above the 90th percentile. Metals were commonly found in house dust and soil. Exposure transfer coefficients minimize the importance of this component for those over the age of 6 years. When ranked by exposure, food, beverage, and water appeared to be the primary contributors of metal exposure in NHEXAS AZ. For instance, at the 90th percentile, Pb was undetected in air, found at 131 and 118 g / m 3 in floor dust and soil, respectively, and measured at 16 g / kg in food, 7.1 g / kg in beverage, and 2.0 and 1.3 g / l in drinking and tap water, respectively. We calculated preliminary estimates of total exposure (g /day) for each participant and examined them independently by age, gender, and ethnicity as reported by the subjects in the NHEXAS questionnaire. At the 90th percentile for Pb, total exposures were 64 g /day across all subjects (n =176); adult men (n = 55) had the greatest exposure (73 g /day) and children (n =35) the least (37 g /day). Hispanics (n = 54) had greater exposure to Pb (68 g /day) than non-Hispanics (n =119; 50 g /day), whereas non-Hispanics had greater exposure for all other metals reported. These results have implications related to environmental justice. The NHEXAS project provides information to make informed decisions for protecting and promoting appropriate public health policy.

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Heavy metals: leaching from glazed surfaces of tea mugs

Cited by 32 publications

References 3 publications

A pilot study to assess lead exposure from routine consumption of coffee and tea from ceramic mugs: comparison to California Safe Harbor Levels

A pilot study to assess lead exposure from routine consumption of coffee and tea from ceramic mugs: comparison to California Safe Harbor Levels

Tea brewed in traditional metallic teapots as a significant source of lead, nickel and other chemical elements

Evaluations of primary metals from NHEXAS Arizona: distributions and preliminary exposures

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