Hematological and Metabolic Toxicities of Current Antiretroviral Regimens in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Shika Zaria, Northern Nigeria

Reginald, Obiako O

doi:10.4172/2155-6113.s2-002

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Also, we were unable to identify or report any case of lactic acidosis due to lack of tools for measuring serum lactate. However, the results of other hematologic and metabolic toxicities have been described in a previous publication [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Adverse Reactions Associated with Antiretroviral Regimens in Adult Patients of a University Teaching Hospital HIV Program in Zaria, Northern Nigeria: An Observational Cohort Study

Reginald¹,

Haruna²,

Sani³

et al. 2012

J Antivir Antiretrovir

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BackgroundHighly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has reduced the morbidity associated with HIV infection, and prolonged the lifespan of HIV/AIDS patients [1,2], but reports of morbidity and mortality from adverse reactions (ADRs) associated with the antiretroviral (ARV) drugs have tended to reduce these benefits [3][4][5]. In Africa and most resource-limited economics, the incidence of ADRs and toxicities have been shown to be responsible for frequent changes in first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART), and/or to the few available second-line regimens [4,5]. The first-line ART consist of the generic, fixed-dose combination (FDC) regimen of stavudine (d4T) or zidovudine (AZT) plus lamivudine (3TC) and nevirapine (NVP) or efavirenz (EFV) [6], although tenofovir disoproxilfumarate (TDF) plus 3TC or emtricitabine (FTC) and NVP or EFV combination regimens can be found in some settings [7]. The second-line ART comprises the protease inhibitors [ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r)] plus TDF/FTC plus either AZT, d4T, or didanosine (ddl) [4,7].Within the past decade, the World Health Organization (WHO) made ARV-associated ADRs the focus of many studies in patient safety and quality control, with the recognition that prevention of potential ADRs is a key element of efforts to improve patient care. This was sequel to increasing reports of ADRs and toxicities associated with the use of the first-line regimens from both developing and the developed countries [5,[8][9][10][11]. These reports led to the revision of ART guidelines which recommended, among other things, the reduction of the dose of d4T from 40mg to 30mg for all patients, irrespective of body weight; the substitution of d4T with AZT or TDF in the presence of d4T toxicity, and of NVP with EFV in females and males with baseline CD4+ cell counts above 250 /µl and 400 /µl respectively [12][13][14][15].Because ADRs may be influenced by many factors, it is necessary to monitor patients on ART by keeping accurate information on their morbidity. Such information can be helpful as a guide to the AbstractBackground: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has reduced the morbidity associated with HIV infection, and prolonged the lifespan of HIV/AIDS patients, but reports of adverse reactions associated with the antiretroviral drugs exist in the literature. The aim of this research was to determine the frequency and pattern of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in HAART-experienced patients in our facility from

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Adverse Reactions Associated with Antiretroviral Regimens in Adult Patients of a University Teaching Hospital HIV Program in Zaria, Northern Nigeria: An Observational Cohort Study

Reginald¹,

Haruna²,

Sani³

et al. 2012

J Antivir Antiretrovir

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“…The introduction of the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 1996 has drastically reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with the HIV infection [17]. However, recent studies suggest that exposure to antiretroviral medications may have marked adverse effects, independent of HIV status.…”

Section: Demerits Of Haartmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Effects of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART)

A¹,

P²

2011

J Antivir Antiretrovir

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HIV/AIDS remains the greatest public health concern in the world. Nowadays HIV-AIDS is considered as a chronic disease due to the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy. This therapy has significantly improved the status of the infected population, making HIV a manageable illness. However, recent studies suggest that exposure to antiretroviral medications may have marked adverse effects, independent of HIV status. This review article gives a note on the demerits of the therapy, major complications and metabolic abnormalities that occur as a consequence of HAART. The effect of antiretroviral (ARV) therapies on the incidence of serious non-AIDS events (SNAEs) has also been considered.

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“…With the advent of combination regimen (combination antiretroviral therapy - cART), HIV control is reduced via several conditions such as treatment compliance, the toxicity of the drug, and bioavailability ( Meynard et al, 2011 ). There were reductions in the morbidity and mortality rates of associated HIV-infections after the introduction of the HAART regimen in 1996 ( Reginald et al, 2011 ). The consumption of potent cART caused the reconstitution of the immune system, thereby increasing life expectancy and drastically decreasing opportunistic infections ( Pineda et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moringa oleifera restored semen quality, hormonal profile, and testicular morphology against Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy- induced toxicity in adult male Wistar rats

Ogunlade

Jeje

Adelakun

et al. 2022

JBRA Assisted Reproduction

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Objective Reproductive toxicity has been greatly linked with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) use. This study investigated the effects of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract (MOE) on HAART-induced testicular toxicity in adult male Wistar rats. Methods Twenty adult male Wistar rats (150-200 g) were assigned into four groups (n=5). Group A received distilled water; Group B received (orally) 200 mg/kg BW HAART only; Group C received (orally) 200 mg/kg BW HAART and 100 mg/kg BW MOE (low dose group) and Group D received (orally) 200 mg/kg BW HAART and 300 mg/kg BW MOE. At the end of the 28-day experiment, body and testicular weights were measured; serum and testis obtained were subjected to hormone profiling, biochemical and histological studies. Results HAART caused a significant decrease in body and testicular weight, testicular distortion and spermatogenic cell disorganization, altered semen quality and function, hormonal profiles, and oxidative stress markers (SOD, CAT, GSH) were significantly decreased with the concurrent increase in MDA level. However, treatment with MOE improved sperm parameters, testis morphology, antioxidants markers, and hormones assessments. Conclusions The exposure to HAART produced marked testicular toxicity, ameliorated using Moringa oleifera leaf extract, thereby preserving testicular physiological function and morphology.

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Hematological and Metabolic Toxicities of Current Antiretroviral Regimens in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Shika Zaria, Northern Nigeria

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

Adverse Reactions Associated with Antiretroviral Regimens in Adult Patients of a University Teaching Hospital HIV Program in Zaria, Northern Nigeria: An Observational Cohort Study

Adverse Reactions Associated with Antiretroviral Regimens in Adult Patients of a University Teaching Hospital HIV Program in Zaria, Northern Nigeria: An Observational Cohort Study

Adverse Effects of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART)

Moringa oleifera restored semen quality, hormonal profile, and testicular morphology against Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy- induced toxicity in adult male Wistar rats

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