Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Seed Oil: Analytical and Phytochemical Characterization of the Unsaponifiable Fraction

Abstract

Non-drug varieties of Cannabis sativa L., collectively namely as "hemp", have been an interesting source of food, fiber, and medicine for thousands of years. The ever-increasing demand for vegetables oils has made it essential to characterize additional vegetable oil through innovative uses of its components. The lipid profile showed that linoleic (55%), α-linolenic (16%), and oleic (11%) were the most abundant fatty acids. A yield (1.84-1.92%) of unsaponifiable matter was obtained, and the most interesting compounds were β-sitosterol (1905.00 ± 59.27 mg/kg of oil), campesterol (505.69 ± 32.04 mg/kg of oil), phytol (167.59 ± 1.81 mg/kg of oil), cycloartenol (90.55 ± 3.44 mg/kg of oil), and γ-tocopherol (73.38 ± 2.86 mg/100 g of oil). This study is an interesting contribution for C. sativa L. consideration as a source of bioactive compounds contributing to novel research applications for hemp seed oil in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic food, and other non-food industries.

Unsaponifiable fraction isolated from grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seed oil attenuates oxidative and inflammatory responses in human primary monocytes

“…The UF, about 1.5-2% of the oils, is an important source of interesting minor compounds. 7,8 As part of ongoing investigations on bioactive secondary plant metabolites in medicinal and food plants, our aim of the present study was to conduct a detailed analysis to establish the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects for this valuable oilseed crop.…”

Physico-chemical Characterization, Profiling of Total Lipids and Triacylglycerol Molecular Species of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Rich <i>B. arvensis</i> Seed Oil from India

“…Tocopherols are the lipid soluble compounds found in minor quantities in the seed oils. They are natural antioxidants and have free radical scavenging ability involving tocopherol-tocopheryl semiquinone redox system 32 . γ-tocopherol 741.64 mg/kg of oil is the major tocopherol found in the B. arvensis seed oil followed by β-tocopherol 32.84 mg/kg of the oil Table 2 .…”

“…γ-tocopherol 741.64 mg/kg of oil is the major tocopherol found in the B. arvensis seed oil followed by β-tocopherol 32.84 mg/kg of the oil Table 2 . Other vegetable oils such as rape seed oil, hemp oil and sacha inchi seed oil also have γ-tocopherols as a predominant tocopherol isomer 32,33 . Earlier reports showed that the antioxidant capacity of tocopherol isomers decreases in the order of γ δ β α-tocopherol 33 .…”

Phytochemical and biological research of Cannabis pharmaceutical resources

“…Finola and Uso31 oils have the richest g-linolenic acid (5-6%). A yield (1.84-1.92%) of unsaponifiable matter was obtained from a Spain HO (Montserrat-de la Paz et al, 2014), and the most interesting compounds were b-sitosterol (1905.00 AE 59.27 mg/kg of oil), campesterol (505.69 AE 32.04 mg/kg), phytol (167.59 AE 1.81 mg/kg), cycloartenol (90.55 AE 3.44 mg/kg), and g-tocopherol (73.38 AE 2.86 mg/100 g). These oils can be used to produce essential fatty acid (EFA) dietary supplements high in o-6 and o-3.…”