Hierarchical control of rapid movement sequences.

Rosenbaum, David A.; Kenny, Sandra B.; Derr, Marcia A.

doi:10.1037/0096-1523.9.1.86

Cited by 368 publications

(254 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However, cue-based retrieval is structurally constrained in that low-level information can only be retrieved if high-level information has already been accessed. This assumption is consistent with theorizing about serial retrieval (e.g., Anderson et al, 1998;Anderson & Matessa, 1997;Rosenbaum et al, 1983; see also Johnson, 1970), and it follows that retrieval occurs from high to low levels in the hierarchical representation, or more specifically, from the sequence level to the position level (possibly mirroring how the representation was constructed; see Dixon, 1982Dixon, , 1987. Although we assume that retrieval of information from different levels occurs in a serial, discrete manner, we do not exclude the possibility of parallel or cascaded retrieval (McClelland, 1979; see also Schneider & Logan, 2006, p. 628).…”

Section: Assumptionssupporting

confidence: 85%

Retrieving information from a hierarchical plan.

Schneider

Logan²

2007

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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Plans give structure to behavior by specifying whether and when different tasks must be performed. However, the structure of behavior need not mirror the structure of the plan. To investigate this idea, the authors studied how plan information is retrieved in the context of a novel sequence-position cuing procedure, wherein subjects memorize two task sequences, then perform trials on which they are randomly cued to perform a task at one of the serial positions in a sequence. Several empirical effects were consistent with retrieval from a hierarchically structured representation (but not a non-hierarchical representation), including large sequence-repetition benefits, position-repetition benefits only for sequence repetitions, and a lack of robust task-repetition benefits. The data were successfully modeled by assuming that retrieval was time-consuming, susceptible to priming, cue-dependent, structurally constrained, and token-specific. In tandem, the empirical data and modeling work provide deeper insight into the representation of and access to information in memory that comprises a plan for guiding behavior.

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Section: Assumptionssupporting

confidence: 85%

Retrieving information from a hierarchical plan.

Schneider

Logan²

2007

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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“…However, interresponse times also increase with sequence length, and they do so more in the middle of the sequence than at the ends (Sternberg et aI., 1978). The latter results have been explained using a hierarchical decoding model (Rosenbaum, 1985;Rosenbaum, Kenny, & Derr, 1983), according to which the time to produce each element of a movement sequence, including the first element, depends on the number of nodes to be traversed between successive terminal nodes in a "tree" representing the sequence. As one of us has shown elsewhere (Rosenbaum, 1985), as the length of a sequence increases, the complexity of its program tree also increases, and so the average number of nodes to be traversed to get from the root of the tree to the first terminal node also increases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulus-response compatibility in the programming of speech

et al. 1987

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Subjects chose between sequences of one syllable (e.g., 19i/ vs. /bi/), two syllables (e.g., /gibi/ vs. /gubu/), and three syllables (e.g., /gibidi/ vs. gubudu/), when Iii sequences were signaled by high-pitched tones and lui sequences were signaled by low-pitched tones (high compatibility), or the reverse (low compatibility). Choice times were additively affected by sequence length and compatibility. A second experiment showed attenuated compatibility effects for sequences with different vowels in the first and second syllables. These results replicate previously reported results for choices between finger sequences, which suggests that the same programming methods are used in both output domains. Evidently, choices between response sequences can be achieved by selecting a distinguishing parameter and assigning it in a serial fashion to partially prepared motor subprograms.An emerging view of human movement control holds that abstract parameters are used in the programs for forthcoming movement sequences. For example, abstract timing information for movement sequences has been inferred from the fact that typing , writing , arm positioning (Armstrong, 1970;Shapiro, 1977), and walking (Shapiro, Zernicke, Gregor, & Diestel, 1981) exhibit invariant timing relationships among successive movement elements (see Rosenbaum, 1985;Schmidt, 1975). Similar sorts of invariances for force (Freund & Budingen, 1978;Ghez, 1979) have led to the proposal that force is another abstract parameter used in motor programming (Meyer, Smith, & Wright, 1982).Discovering abstract programming parameters raises the question of how the parameters are set during the programming process. Inhoff, Rosenbaum, Gordon, and Campbell (1984) addressed this question by conducting choice reaction-time (RT) experiments in which subjects chose between two homologous (mirror-image) fmger sequences cued by signals that were either compatibly or incompatibly mapped to the hands performing the sequences. Stimulus-response (S-R) compatibility was This paper is based on a Division ill examination (equivalent to a senior honors thesis) by the secondauthor and submitted to Hampshire College in partial fulfillment of the bachelor's degree. The research was supported in part by Grants BNS-8120104 and BNS-8408634 from the NationalScienceFoundationand ResearchCareer Development Award 1 K04 NS00942-{}I from the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke to the first author. We thank Alice Healy, David Meyer, Lynne Baker-Ward, Judith Kroll, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments. Correspondence should be addressed to David A. Rosenbaum, School of Communications and Cognitive Science, Hampshire College, Amherst, MA 01002. manipulated by assigning the signal on the left to the left hand and the signal on the right to the right hand (high S-R compatibility), or the opposite (low S-R compatibility). In the first experiment, S-R compatibility and the length of the to-be-performed sequence had additive effects on the choice RT for the fi...

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“…Collard & Povel, 1982;Jones, 1976;Martin, 1972;Rosenbaum, Kenny, & Derr, 1983). Thus, the shared representation can be considered a two-tiered framework comprising both individual events and their organization.…”

Section: Auditory Feedback and Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory Feedback in Music Performance: The Role of Melodic Structure and Musical Skill.

Pfordresher¹

2005

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

116

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Five experiments explored whether fluency in musical sequence production relies on matches between the contents of auditory feedback and the planned outcomes of actions. Participants performed short melodies from memory on a keyboard while musical pitches that sounded in synchrony with each keypress (feedback contents) were altered. Results indicated that altering pitch contents can disrupt production, but only when altered pitches form a sequence that is structurally similar to the planned sequence. These experiments also addressed the role of musical skill: Experiments 1 and 3 included trained pianists; other experiments included participants with little or no musical training. Results were similar across both groups with respect to the disruptive effects of auditory feedback manipulations. These results support the idea that a common hierarchical representation guides sequences of actions and the perception of event sequences and that this coordination is not acquired from learned associations formed by musical skill acquisition.

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Hierarchical control of rapid movement sequences.

Cited by 368 publications

References 26 publications

Retrieving information from a hierarchical plan.

Retrieving information from a hierarchical plan.

Stimulus-response compatibility in the programming of speech

Auditory Feedback in Music Performance: The Role of Melodic Structure and Musical Skill.

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