“…Mathematical morphology has been used in hierarchical image analysis with, e.g., hierarchical watersheds [3,4,5,6], binary partition trees [7,8,9], quasiflat zone hierarchies [10,11], and tree-based shape spaces [12]. Other methods for hierarchical image analysis consider regular and irregular pyramids [13], scale-set theory [14], multiscale combinatorial grouping [15], series of optimization problems [16], and generic image classification based on convolutional neural networks [17].…”