High Brightness Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Capillary-Welded Hybrid Diameter Silver Nanowire/Graphene Layers as Electrodes

Abstract

The development of silver nanowire electrodes is always limited due to some disadvantages, such as roughness, oxidative properties, and other disadvantages. In this research, a capillary-welded silver nanowire/graphene composite film was used as an electrode for organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices. As an encapsulation layer, graphene reduced the surface roughness and the oxidation probability of silver nanowires. The composite electrode showed an excellent transmittance of 91.5% with low sheet resistant of 26.4 ohm/sq. The devices with the silver nanowire/graphene composite electrode emitted green electroluminescence at 516 nm, and the turn-on voltage was about 3.8 V. The maximum brightness was 50810 cd/cm2, which is higher than the indium tin oxide-based (ITO-based) devices with the same configuration. Finally, it was proved that the silver nanowire/graphene composite electrodes possessed better heat dissipation than the ITO-based ones under energization. In summary, it means that this novel silver nanowires/graphene electrode has great potential in OLED device applications.

Recent Advances in Vertically Aligned Nanowires for Photonics Applications

“…In recent years, nanowires originated from a wide variety of materials have arisen as a centerpiece for optoelectronic applications such as sensors, solar cells, optical filters, displays, light-emitting diodes and photodetectors [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Tractable but outstanding, optical features of nanowire arrays achieved by modulating its physical properties (e.g., diameter, height and pitch) allow to confine and absorb the incident light considerably, albeit its compact configuration.…”

Advances in constructing silver nanowire-based conductive pathways for flexible and stretchable electronics

“…Finally, the exciton radiation transition emits photons and releases energy. 351 Considering that the AgNWs or their composite are often chosen as the anode layer in the devices, reducing the sheet resistance of AgNWs is crucial to facilitate the charge transport. In addition, the surface roughness largely influences the characteristics of OLED, due to the charge carrier injection.…”

Flexible and Transparent Electrodes of Cu2−XSe with Charge Transport via Direct Tunneling Effect

“…Cu 2−X Se [48][49][50] Optical bandgap ≈ 2.3 eV Sheet resistance ≈ 148 Ω sq −1 Transmittance ≈ 50-60% σ RMS ≈ 11.3 nm Flexibility: yes Synthesis: Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) Transparent conductive oxides: ITO, FTO, ZnO, InZnO, ZTO, TiO 2 , MoO [1,2,51] Optical bandgap ≈ 3.5 eV Sheet resistance ≈ 20-36 Ω sq −1 Transmittance ≈ 95% σ RMS ≈ 17.2 nm Flexibility: no Synthesis: radiofrequency (RF) sputtering Graphene [52] Optical bandgap ≈ 4. Transmittance ≈ 90% Flexibility: no (rigid glass substrate) Synthesis: DC pulsed (500 W) or RF (120 W) sputtering process on single-layer graphene on a Cu foil and subsequent wet-transfer process to a target substrate Graphene/Ag nanowire [57,58] Optical bandgap ≈ 4.9 eV Sheet resistance ≈ 26.4 Ω sq −1 Transmittance ≈ 91.5% σ RMS ≈ 6.4 nm Flexibility: no (rigid glass substrate) Synthesis: CVD Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) [59] Optical bandgap ≈ 4.1 eV Sheet resistance ≈ 100 Ω sq −1 Transmittance ≈ 90% Flexibility: no (rigid glass substrate) Synthesis: micro-contact printing CNT films with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube (SWNT) [60] Optical bandgap ≈ 4.7 eV Sheet resistance ≈ 60 Ω sq −1 Transmittance ≈ 45% Flexibility: no Synthesis: pulsed laser vaporization technique SWNT/PEDOT [61] Optical bandgap ≈ 1.6 eV Sheet resistance ≈ 160 Ω sq −1 Transmittance ≈ 86% Flexibility: yes Synthesis: in situ polymerization of PEDOT on poly(ethylene naftalina)/SWNT Polyethylene Terephthalate/ polyaniline:camphor sulfonic acid (PET/ PANI:CSA) [52] Optical bandgap ≈ 2.5 eV Transmittance > 70% Sheet resistance ≈ 100 Ω sq −1 Flexibility: yesSynthesis: spin-cast film of dissolved in m-cresol PANI:CSA on PET sheet…”