High incidence of co-infection with Malaria and Typhoid in febrile HIV infected and AIDS patients in Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria

Agwu, E.; Ihongbe, John C.; Okogun, Gra; Inyang, N.J.

doi:10.1590/s1517-83822009000200022

Cited by 28 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Associations and differences were considered statistically significant if p-value is less than 0.05. Anaemia in pregnancy was defined as haemoglobin concentrations less than 10 g/dl [3,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Malaria in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women on Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Enugu, South East Nigeria

et al. 2014

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There are high rates of maternal morbidity including fever, severe anaemia, abortion, still birth, and placental malaria among these women.Consequently, babies can be born with low birth weight due to both prematurity and intrauterine growth retardation [3,10]. However, epidemiological studies of the prevalence and clinical manifestations of P. Falciparum malaria in HIV-infected pregnant women that consider factors such as residential location, CD4 level, viral load, and adherence to intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) and cotrimoxazole regimen, are limited. Nigeria has one of the highest malaria burdens in the world. In 2010,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Malaria in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women on Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Enugu, South East Nigeria

et al. 2014

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“…If treatment is started early in the infection, the injury produced by typhoid fever is reversible and restricted. This results in a lower mortality rate of less than 1% among treated persons who possess an antibiotic-susceptible strain of S. typhi, making the outcome and prognosis for patients a positive one [11]. Typhoid fever remains a major cause of enteric disease and a significant public health problem [12] and is now very prevalent in developing world of which Nigeria belongs [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of typhoid fever in Bingham University

Joshua

Beverly

Lillian

2017

GSC Biol. Pharm. Sci.

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Typhoid fever remains a major cause of enteric disease and a significant public health problem. The disease is said to be very prevalent in the developing countries, of which Nigeria is one. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of typhoid fever among Bingham University students. A total of 125 blood and stool samples were collected randomly from both male and female students of Bingham University. The blood samples were tested for salmonella antigen using Widal test while stool samples were cultured on Salmonella/Shigella agar for the isolation of the causative agent. From the Widal test 80 (69.6%) samples were positive for Salmonella typhi infection, while the stool culture yielded 94 (75.2%) samples that showed the presence of Salmonella typhi. The gender distribution showed that the prevalence was higher in female students (87.30%) than the male students (62.90%). The infection was highest in the age group of 21-25 years which had 86.36% prevalence. The lowest prevalence was observed in the age group 26-30 years with 46.15%. The prevalence of typhoid fever is generally high in the University. Therefore, proper sanitary measures should be observed by the students in the university. The results also proved the superiority and reliability of stool culture technique over the Widal test in the diagnosis of Salmonella typhi infection. This study will provide the school administration adequate knowledge on the infection and serve as a guide in proffering solution to halt further spread of the disease in the institution.

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“…58 Typhoid fever, or typhoid, is an acute systemic bacterial infection caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. 59 HIV-associated typhoid fever is a health problem mainly in developing countries. 60 A prevalence of 9.6% (95% CI: 4.1 to 21.1) for typhoid fever in HIV/AIDS patients in Iran is lower than that reported by Agwu et al from Nigeria (44.2%) 59 , but higher than that reported by Crump et al from Northern Tanzania (1.2%) 61 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Co-infections in HIV/AIDS-positive Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

et al. 2018

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Background: Bacterial infections are the most common complications in people with HIV/AIDS. There has been no previous report on the prevalence of bacterial co-infections in Iranian HIV/AIDS-positive subjects. Aim: To evaluate the frequency of bacterial infections in hospitalized HIV/AIDS-infected patients in Iran. Materials and methods: Based on PRISMA guidelines, a computerized search in related data banks using relevant keywords was performed in both Persian and English languages for articles that were published until March 10, 2017. A total of 1118 original articles were systematically reviewed to identify eligible studies on the prevalence of bacterial co-infections in HIV/AIDS-infected patients from Iran. After screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria, we extracted data from 28 eligible articles for the meta-analysis. Results: The overall bacterial infection rate among Iranian HIV/AIDS-positive individuals was estimated to be 48.6%. Gastrointestinal disorders (59.5%) were the most frequent bacterial infections in this group of patients followed by bacterial lymphadenopathy (38.9%), TB infection (38.2%), bacterial pneumonia (31.2%), brucellosis (26.3%), skin infections (13.3%) and sexually transmitted infections (9.7%). The prevalence of other bacterial infections including endocarditis, sepsis and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were 10%, 9.1%, and 6.9%, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of a wide spectrum of bacterial co-infections, especially endemic infections, in Iranian HIV/AIDS-infected patients, is alarming and calls for urgent need to improve the currently applied diagnostic and preventive methods. In addition, timely treatment of these infections is pivotal to decrease the morbidity and mortality rates in HIV/AIDS-infected patients.

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High incidence of co-infection with Malaria and Typhoid in febrile HIV infected and AIDS patients in Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria

Cited by 28 publications

References 5 publications

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Malaria in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women on Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Enugu, South East Nigeria

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Malaria in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women on Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Enugu, South East Nigeria

The prevalence of typhoid fever in Bingham University

Bacterial Co-infections in HIV/AIDS-positive Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

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