High quantum yield nitrogen-doped carbon dots: green synthesis and application as “off-on” fluorescent sensors for the determination of Fe3+ and adenosine triphosphate in biological samples

Huang, Qitong; Li, Qian; Chen, Yuanfang; Tong, Lili; Lin, Xiaofeng; Zhu, Jie-Ji; Tong, Qing‐Xiao

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2018.08.089

Cited by 165 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…This phenomenon is fundamental for the OFF-ON or ON-OFF systems used in several diagnostic applications. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] The greatest advantage of the uorescent systems applied in chemical biology is the ratiometric measurement, [11][12][13] when two emission maxima are reached aer excitation at one wavelength or when two excitation wavelengths cause one emission peak. Ratiometric systems easily overcome some drawbacks of simple intensiometric systems, especially false response caused by variation in the local concentration of the probe, light scattering by the sample matrix, excitation source uctuation, or microenvironment effects around the probe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino-BODIPY as the ratiometric fluorescent sensor for monitoring drug release or “power supply” selector for molecular electronics

et al. 2019

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino-BODIPY as the ratiometric fluorescent sensor for monitoring drug release or “power supply” selector for molecular electronics

et al. 2019

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“…Two reasons can explain the higher QY FL of CA@U-CDs: one, the higher π-conjugation of the surface of this type of CD as demonstrated by XPS analysis ( Figures S1–S3 ); the second reason is the higher N XPS mole fraction of this type of CD, also demonstrated by XPS analysis. More specifically, the N-doping of CDs has been demonstrated to generate a high QY FL [ 50 , 51 ]. Additionally, the lower content of amide groups on the surface of CDs vs. CA@U-CDs (see XPS N content) may also account for the observed differences.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turning Spent Coffee Grounds into Sustainable Precursors for the Fabrication of Carbon Dots

et al. 2020

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Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are known for containing many organic compounds of interest, including carbohydrates, lipids, phenolic compounds and proteins. Therefore, we investigated them as a potential source to obtain carbon dots (CDs) via a nanotechnology approach. Herein, a comparison was performed between CDs produced by SCGs and classic precursors (e.g., citric acid and urea). The SCG-based CDs were obtained via the one-pot and solvent-free carbonization of solid samples, generating nanosized particles (2.1–3.9 nm). These nanoparticles exhibited a blue fluorescence with moderate quantum yields (2.9–5.8%) and an excitation-dependent emission characteristic of carbon dots. SCG-based CDs showed potential as environmentally relevant fluorescent probes for Fe3+ in water. More importantly, life cycle assessment studies validated the production of CDs from SCG samples as a more environmentally sustainable route, as compared to those using classic reported precursors, when considering either a weight- or a function-based functional unit.

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“…Thus, hydrothermal synthesis is at a disadvantage when we compare it with microwave and calcination synthesis. As for the reason of the lower QY FL for hydrothermal-CDs, it should be noted that N-doping strategies have been demonstrated to generate high QY FL [56,57]. In fact, XPS analysis ( Table 2) has demonstrated that hydrothermal synthesis leads to a lower degree of N-incorporation into the surface of CDs than the other two bottom-up routes, which may explain their lower QY FL .…”

Section: Fluorescent Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Different Bottom-up Routes for the Fabrication of Carbon Dots

Crista

Silva

2020

Nanomaterials

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Carbon dots (CDs) are carbon-based nanoparticles with very attractive luminescence features. Furthermore, their synthesis by bottom-up strategies is quite flexible, as tuning the reaction precursors and synthesis procedures can lead to an endless number of CDs with distinct properties and applications. However, this complex variability has made the characterization of the structural and optical properties of the nanomaterials difficult. Herein, we performed a systematic evaluation of the effect of three representative bottom-up strategies (hydrothermal, microwave-assisted, and calcination) on the properties of CDs prepared from the same precursors (citric acid and urea). Our results revealed that these synthesis routes led to nanoparticles with similar sizes, identical excitation-dependent blue-to-green emission, and similar surface-functionalization. However, we have also found that microwave and calcination strategies are more efficient towards nitrogen-doping than hydrothermal synthesis, and thus, the former routes are able to generate CDs with significantly higher fluorescence quantum yields than the latter. Furthermore, the different synthesis strategies appear to have a role in the origin of the photoluminescence of the CDs, as hydrothermal-based nanoparticles present an emission more dependent on surface states, while microwave- and calcination-based CDs present an emission with more contributions from core states. Furthermore, calcination and microwave routes are more suitable for high-yield synthesis (~27–29%), while hydrothermal synthesis present almost negligible synthesis yields (~2%). Finally, life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to investigate the sustainability of these processes and indicated microwave synthesis as the best choice for future studies.

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High quantum yield nitrogen-doped carbon dots: green synthesis and application as “off-on” fluorescent sensors for the determination of Fe3+ and adenosine triphosphate in biological samples

Cited by 165 publications

References 55 publications

Amino-BODIPY as the ratiometric fluorescent sensor for monitoring drug release or “power supply” selector for molecular electronics

Amino-BODIPY as the ratiometric fluorescent sensor for monitoring drug release or “power supply” selector for molecular electronics

Turning Spent Coffee Grounds into Sustainable Precursors for the Fabrication of Carbon Dots

Evaluation of Different Bottom-up Routes for the Fabrication of Carbon Dots

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