Highly flexible self-standing film electrode composed of mesoporous rutile TiO2/C nanofibers for lithium-ion batteries

Zhao, Bote; Cai, Rui; Jiang, Simin; Sha, Yujing; Shao, Zongping

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2012.08.126

Cited by 83 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Nano-phased rutile TiO 2 [38]. More recently, a simple way to prepare highly flexible self-standing thin-film electrodes composed of mesoporous rutile TiO 2 /C nanofibers with low carbon content (<15 wt%) by electro-spinning technique, which can be applied directly as electrodes of lithium-ion batteries without the further use of any additive and binder [343]. After optimization, the diameter of fibers can reach as small as~110 nm, and the as-prepared rutile TiO 2 films show high initial electrochemical activity with the first discharge capacity as high as 388 mAh g À1 .…”

Section: Rutile Tiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries

et al. 2016

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Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) have made considerable progress since the first commercial one by Sony in 1991, which had LiCoO 2 and graphite as active elements of the positive and negative electrodes, respectively. The LiBs are now the primary energy storage devices in the transportation and communications, from portable use in computers, up to electric and hybrid vehicles. More recently, they have also been used as back-up supply units, frequency regulators (load leveling) to integrate on smart grids the electricity produced by windmills and photovoltaic plants (for a recent review, see [1]). These applications require high energy densities, high power, and safety among others. Considerable efforts have been made to propose other electrodes to fulfill these requirements. We have recently reviewed the works and progress concerning the materials for the positive electrode [2][3][4][5][6]. The present work is devoted to the materials for the negative electrode counterpart. It is common to use the terminology anode and cathode for the negative and positive electrodes, respectively, although the electrodes play alternatively the role of anode and cathode during the charge and discharge process. We shall use this terminology in the following for conciseness purposes only.An ideal active anode element should fulfill the following requirements as follows: (1) It must be light and accommodate as much Li as possible to optimize the gravimetric capacity. (2) Its redox potential with respect to Li 0 /Li + must be as small as possible at any Li-concentration. The reason is that this potential is subtracted to the redox potential of the cathode material to give the overall voltage of the cell, and smaller voltage means smaller energy density. (3) It must possess good electronic and ionic conductivities since faster motion of the lithium ions and the electrons also mean higher power density of the cell. (4) It must not be soluble in the solvents of the electrolyte and not react with the lithium salt. (5) It must be safe, i.e. avoid any thermal runaway of the battery, a criterion that is not independent of the previous one, but deserves special attention, especially for use in transportation such as electric vehicles and planes. (6) It must be cheap and environmentally friendly. The different materials proposed as anode elements for Li-ion batteries must be discussed with respect to these different criteria.The graphite is still the most used anode material and is still the reference. The first works giving evidence of the insertion of lithium in graphite date from 1955 [7], confirmed by the synthesis of LiC 6 in 1965 [8]. The synthesis of LiC 6 , however, was not obtained by electrochemical process at that time. Another decade was spent before Besenhard and Eichinger discovered the reversible intercalation of lithium in graphite, proposing this material as an anode in 1976 [9,10]. Increasing the Li content in LiC 6 is possible [8], but no reversible cycling beyond LiC 6 could ever be obtained. The graphite anode can thus be cyc...

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Section: Rutile Tiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries

et al. 2016

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“…The success of the microelectronics industry is strongly dependent on advances in LIBs due to their excellent properties, such as high energy density, high efficiency, and low memory effect. [1][2][3] Nevertheless, high-power-capacity LIBs require further research before they can play a greater role in the development of electric vehicles (EVs). Unfortunately, one mole of graphite (C6) can only tolerate the insertion of about one mole of lithium ions (LiC6), which results in the low theoretical specific capacity (372 mAh g -1 ) of commercial graphite based anode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of ZnMn 2 O 4 anode for lithium-ion batteries

Feng

Wang

Chen

et al. 2015

Electrochimica Acta

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“…At the same time, in order to achieve a better electrochemical performance, many kinds of nanostructures of electrode materials have been prepared, such as nanoparticles (0D), [24] nanowires and nanorods (1D), [25,26] core/shell [27] and hollow structures (3D) [28]. Among various nanostructures, one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures have attracted much attention due to their fascinating properties and unique applications [29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%