“…From a synthetic biology perspective, nature’s mechanisms for sensing temperature and light have provided powerful insights for designing tools to achieve conditional gene expression. At the molecular level, researchers have utilized the heat shock response mechanism to construct temperature-sensitive gene expression systems such as the temperature-sensitive dimeric repressor [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], RNA polymerase (RNAP) [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ], replication machinery [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ], and oligonucleotide topology [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Photocaged [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ] or photoswitchable [ 44 , 45 ] small-molecule inducers and photocaged transcription factors [ 46 ] have been used to develop light-driven gene expression systems.…”