Historical and contemporary trends in competitive balance in the Commonwealth Games. [Las tendencias históricas y contemporáneas en el equilibrio competitivo en los Juegos de la Commonwealth].

Ramchandani, Girish; Wilson, Darryl

doi:10.5232/ricyde2014.03506

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, this interest has led to inconsistencies -such as the interchangeable use of playing talent, playing quality and financial capabilities -when defining CB, which Kringstad's (2008) thesis explored at length. Accordingly, we define competitive balance as the equilibrium of playing talent quality and financial strength between teams in any given league (Owen 2012;Ramchandani & Wilson, 2014). This equilibrium in the quality of playing talent and financial resource leads to increased UoO, where perfect uncertainty occurs when each team has an equal chance of winning, that is, a 50% chance of winning (Sloane 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitive Intensity, Fans’ Expectations, and Match-Day Tickets Sold in the Italian Football Serie A, 2012-2015

Bond

Addesa

2019

Journal of Sports Economics

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This article investigates the impact of the competitive intensity (CI) on the stadium attendance for Italian soccer in three Serie A seasons (2012-13 to 2014-15). The central element of novelty concerning the existing literature is that fans expectations are also included among the explanatory variables of the Tobit model. Our results show that CI has a significant impact on match-day attendance in relation to all the sporting prizes but Europa League qualification. Moreover, we find evidence supporting the existence of reference-dependent preferences, where the attendance increases when the home team rank is higher than the preseason expectations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitive Intensity, Fans’ Expectations, and Match-Day Tickets Sold in the Italian Football Serie A, 2012-2015

Bond

Addesa

2019

Journal of Sports Economics

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“…Firstly, the competitiveness of the sport [23] and the hypothesis of outcome uncertainty [41] could also justify our weight category results in taekwondo world medal winners. Generally, while the athletes taking part in the OG and WC represent different nations and continents equally, the same may not be true for medallists [42][43][44]. Consequently, the possible over-representation on the podiums of some nations could influence the presence of RAE in medallist populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative and Chronological Age in Successful Athletes at the World Taekwondo Championships (1997–2019): A Focus on the Behaviour of Multiple Medallists

Apollaro

Rodríguez

Herrera-Valenzuela

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The aims of this study were to investigate the relative and chronological age among taekwondo world medal winners (by gender, Olympic 4-year period, Olympic weight category; N = 740), and to study the behaviour of multiple medallists (N = 156) to monitor changes in weight categories and wins over time. The observed birth quartile distribution for the heavyweight category was significantly skewed (p = 0.01). Female athletes (22.2 ± 3.5 years) achieve success at a significantly younger age (p = 0.01) than their male counterparts (23.6 ± 3.3 years). In the weight categories, female flyweights were significantly younger than those welterweights (p = 0.03) and heavyweight (p = 0.01); female featherweights were significantly younger than those heavyweights (p = 0.03). Male flyweights and featherweights were significantly younger than those welterweights and heavyweights (p = 0.01). When a taekwondo athlete won a medal several times, he/she did so within the same Olympic weight category group and won two medals in his/her career (p = 0.01). Multiple medallists of the lighter and heavier groups did not differ in the number of medals won but in the time span in which they won medals (p = 0.02). The resources deployed by stakeholders to achieve success in these competitions highlight an extremely competitive environment. In this sense, the information provided by this study can be relevant and translated into key elements.

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“…HHIN takes precedence because the conventional HHI is very sensitive to changes in the number of participating nations, an issue that is adequately remedied by HHIN. HHIN was used in studies of medal distributions at the Commonwealth Games (Ramchandani & Wilson, 2014), Summer Olympic Games (Zheng et al, 2019), and in Olympic and World Championships table tennis competitions (Zheng et al, 2018).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ramchandani and Wilson (2014) concluded that the Commonwealth Games became significantly less competitive between 1930 and 1990 and that events contested by men only were more balanced compared to both women’s and mixed events. Zheng et al (2019) observed no improvement in competitive balance at the Olympics, but they discerned some evidence that competitive balance has improved in male competitions.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weber et al (2018) analyzed the competitive balance at the seven consecutive Winter Olympic Games and determined that biathlon and short track speed skating were the sports with the greatest fluctuations in competitive balance. Ramchandani and Wilson (2014) concluded that the Commonwealth Games became significantly less competitive between 1930 and 1990 and that events contested by men only were more balanced compared to both women's and mixed events. Zheng et al (2019) observed no improvement in competitive balance at the Olympics, but they discerned some evidence that competitive balance has improved in male competitions.…”

Section: Competitive Balance In Sportmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Market Share Instability and Market Concentration: A Sport/Discipline-Specific Study of the Summer Olympic Games 1992–2020

Zheng,

Oh,

Dickson

et al. 2024

Sage Open

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This article examines sport/discipline-specific market concentrations in the context of the eight Summer Olympic Games held between 1992 and 2020. Three market concentration-related debates underpin this study: (1) the number of competing firms; (2) market size; and (3) time. A normalized version of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHIN) is calculated for gold medal and medal concentrations for all 42 sports/disciplines. The analyses included panel data models and Pearson correlations. The main findings are that (1) market concentrations for (gold) medals within most sport/disciplines have not significantly declined over time; and (2) neither an increased number of competing National Olympic Committees (NOCs) nor increased market size is likely to have impacted market concentration within a sport/discipline. The findings advance the understanding of market concentration trends and have implications for elite sport practitioners including the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and International Federations (IFs) in terms of an evaluation of existing measures introduced to promote competitive balance, and NOCs in terms of resource distribution among sports/disciplines and prioritization strategies.

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Historical and contemporary trends in competitive balance in the Commonwealth Games. [Las tendencias históricas y contemporáneas en el equilibrio competitivo en los Juegos de la Commonwealth].

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Competitive Intensity, Fans’ Expectations, and Match-Day Tickets Sold in the Italian Football Serie A, 2012-2015

Competitive Intensity, Fans’ Expectations, and Match-Day Tickets Sold in the Italian Football Serie A, 2012-2015

Relative and Chronological Age in Successful Athletes at the World Taekwondo Championships (1997–2019): A Focus on the Behaviour of Multiple Medallists

Market Share Instability and Market Concentration: A Sport/Discipline-Specific Study of the Summer Olympic Games 1992–2020

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