Human gastric cancer, Helicobacter pylori and bracken carcinogens: A connecting hypothesis

Oliveros‐Bastidas, Alberto; Calcagno-Pissarelli, Maria Pia; Naya, Marlene; Avila-Núñez, Jorge Luis; Alonso‐Amelot, Miguel E.

doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2015.11.007

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…The increasing evidence in favor of a Hp(-)-Pteridium-HGC connection [30,31], led us to propose recently a hypothetical mechanisms whereby Hp and bracken ptaquiloside may be complimentary factors in the development of HGC in bracken exposed populations [32]. This notion might be supported further by a higher resolution study of Hp prevalence among people living in two adjacent regions with contrasting HGC mortality rates and vegetational composition as far as bracken fern invasion of pastures and water catchments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Helicobacter Pylori IgG Sero-Prevalence Study in Two Adjacent Regions of Contrasting Gastric Cancer Rates and Bracken Fern Frequency in Western Venezuela

Avendaño-Meza¹,

Pérez-Maldonado²,

Alonso‐Amelot³

2017

J Gastroenterol Res

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As Human Gastric Cancer Death Rates (HGCDR) is unevenly distributed in western Venezuela, we explored possible risk factors, among which Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection alongside bracken fern invasion could be differential contributors. A prospective transversal study for Hp seroprevalence was conducted in a large number of healthy individuals (15-65 years) in two geographically distinct zones (low megathermic and mountain mesothermic, 0-3000 meters) employing IgG Hp ELISA response at district level. Results were matched with HGCDR records. Hp prevalence was high and statistically similar (p > 0.05) in all populations of both sexes [lowlands: 85.0% (CI 95% 72.7-97.3); highlands: 87.2% (CI 95% 83.2-92.3); p = 0.1138], males more than females in both regions [RR M/F : lowlands 1.17 (CI 95% 0.99-1.36); highlands 1.16 (CI 95% 1.06-1.25)], with the middle aged group being the most affected [lowlands: 94.6% (CI 95% 68.4-119.7); highlands: 86.0% (CI 95% 60.3-111.8)]. A clear HGCDR-elevation gradient was found in both sexes but no association with Hp prevalence. Differential bracken fern invasion in cattle farmland is proposed as a relevant HGCDR risk factor.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Helicobacter Pylori IgG Sero-Prevalence Study in Two Adjacent Regions of Contrasting Gastric Cancer Rates and Bracken Fern Frequency in Western Venezuela

Avendaño-Meza¹,

Pérez-Maldonado²,

Alonso‐Amelot³

2017

J Gastroenterol Res

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“…6.8) numerous reactions may occur depending on the type of reactive species present and the interactions caused by hydrolysis, enzymes, temperature, plants/water eaten together with bracken etc. [35]. The complex in-vivo conditions may result in deviations from the ideal reaction scheme PTA to PTB with a molar conversion ratio of 1:1 observed under laboratory conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of ptaquiloside—A bracken fern toxin—In cattle

et al. 2019

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Ptaquiloside is a natural toxin present in bracken ferns ( Pteridium sp .). Cattle ingesting bracken may develop bladder tumours and excrete genotoxins in meat and milk. However, the fate of ptaquiloside in cattle and the link between ptaquiloside and cattle carcinogenesis is unresolved. Here, we present the toxicokinetic profile of ptaquiloside in plasma and urine after intravenous administration of ptaquiloside and after oral administration of bracken. Administered intravenously ptaquiloside, revealed a volume of distribution of 1.3 L kg -1 with a mean residence-time of 4 hours. A large fraction of ptaquiloside was converted to non-toxic pterosin B in the blood stream. Both ptaquiloside and pterosin B were excreted in urine (up to 41% of the dose). Oral administration of ptaquiloside via bracken extract or dried ferns did not result in observations of ptaquiloside in body fluids, indicating deglycosolidation in the rumen. Pterosin B was detected in both plasma and urine after oral administration. Hence, transport of carcinogenic ptaquiloside metabolites over the rumen membrane is indicated. Pterosin B recovered from urine counted for 7% of the dose given intravenously. Heifers exposed to bracken for 7 days (2 mg ptaquiloside kg -1 ) developed preneoplastic lesions in the urinary bladder most likely caused by genotoxic ptaquiloside metabolites.

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The New Zealand bracken fern rhizome, Pteridium esculentum (G.Forst): a toxic food plant of pre‐European Māori

Leach

Davidson

Burtenshaw

et al. 2023

Archaeology in Oceania

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The two species of bracken fern, Pteridium esculentum and Pteridium aquilinum, are well known to produce neoplastic lesions and thiamine deficiency when consumed by mammals, with severe consequences to health. New Zealand Pre-European Māori are known to have consumed rhizomes of P. esculentum as food with little or no recorded consequences to health. Processing methods by Māori prior to consumption may have helped to detoxify this food. We carried out LDH toxicity tests on rhizomes that had been pre-processed before simulated digestion to test this possibility. We tested rhizomes harvested each month of the year, different components of the rhizome, both raw and roasted rhizomes, rhizomes stored for up to 12 months, and rhizomes leached for up to 24 hours. All specimens remained equally toxic within experimental error. We carried out a detailed analysis of nutrients in bracken rhizome and compared this with kūmara, Ipomoea batatas, another important food plant for pre-European Māori, and found that bracken rhizome has c. 70% of the caloric value of kūmara. A cost/benefit analysis of the two plants suggested that the reward for effort is greatest for kūmara by a modest amount. Analysis of historic ethnographic observations relating to bracken rhizome from AD 1769 to the 1840s provides complex and contradictory evidence of the role of bracken rhizome in the Māori economic system. Although there is clear evidence that Māori greatly favoured chewing rhizomes, this fondness may result from the presence of one or more plant secondary metabolites (PSM), such as ecdysone, which are known to be addictive. Our analysis of the evidence favours the plant being essentially a famine food, filling in the period between planting and harvest of kūmara, known as the 'hungry gap' between October and April in the southern hemisphere. However, it would also have provided an important source of food for travellers, as fern-lands are widespread. Our analysis of archaeological information did not produce unequivocal direct evidence of bracken rhizome consumption. However, the presence of extreme tooth wear and a unique pattern of first molar dislocation, attributed to the use of teeth to strip starch from rhizomes, has been shown to be present at all periods of New Zealand prehistory. This is contrary to the finding of some other researchers.

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Human gastric cancer, Helicobacter pylori and bracken carcinogens: A connecting hypothesis

Cited by 11 publications

References 110 publications

Helicobacter Pylori IgG Sero-Prevalence Study in Two Adjacent Regions of Contrasting Gastric Cancer Rates and Bracken Fern Frequency in Western Venezuela

Helicobacter Pylori IgG Sero-Prevalence Study in Two Adjacent Regions of Contrasting Gastric Cancer Rates and Bracken Fern Frequency in Western Venezuela

Fate of ptaquiloside—A bracken fern toxin—In cattle

The New Zealand bracken fern rhizome, Pteridium esculentum (G.Forst): a toxic food plant of pre‐European Māori

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