Human platelet releasates combined with polyglycolic acid scaffold promote chondrocyte differentiation and phenotypic maintenance

Abstract

In the present study, we aimed to demonstrate the differentiating properties of platelet-rich plasma releasates (PRPr) on human chondrocytes seeded on a polygtlycolic acid (PGA) 3D scaffold. Gene expression and biochemical analysis were carried out to assess the improved quality of our PGA-based cartilage constructs supplemented with PRPr. We observed that the use of PRPr as cell cultures supplementation to PGA-chondrocyte constructs may promote chondrocyte differentiation, and thus may contribute to maintaining the chondrogenic phenotype longer than conventional supplementation by increasing high levels of important chondrogenic markers (e.g. sox9, aggrecan and type II collagen), without induction of type I collagen. Moreover, our constructs were analysed for the secretion and deposition of important ECM molecules (sGAG, type II collagen, etc.). Our results indicate that PRPr supplementation may synergize with PGA-based scaffolds to stimulate human articular chondrocyte differentiation, maturation and phenotypic maintenance.

Platelet‐Rich Plasma Obtained with Different Anticoagulants and Their Effect on Platelet Numbers and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Behavior In Vitro

“…For transfusion purposes, blood is usually collected in bags containing citrate phosphate dextrose adenine (CPDA-1) solution, as anticoagulant [ 22 , 23 ], from which a platelet concentrate is obtained by double centrifugation of the whole blood or apheresis. Platelets concentrates obtained by such methodologies may also be used for promoting tissue repair [ 24 ]. On the other hand, recent PRP formulations for autologous applications are usually prepared in collection tubes containing citrate solutions, in the form of sodium citrate [ 25 – 29 ] or ACD-A [ 30 – 32 ].…”

Co-treatment of TGF-β3 and BMP7 is superior in stimulating chondrocyte redifferentiation in both hypoxia and normoxia compared to single treatments

“…Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) has proven to be a pivotal approach as restorative cartilage surgery. However, even the most recent ACI techniques have some limitations 33 . It has been shown that the transplanted chondrocytes are able to form new cartilage, which appears to be of hyaline nature and expresses typical cartilage markers such as type II collagen, aggrecan and COMPs.…”

Current development of biodegradable polymeric materials for biomedical applications

“…Saturated aliphatic polyesters, such as poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), PLA, and PLGA copolymers, are the most often used biodegradable synthetic polymers for 3D scaffolds in tissue engineering. 207 – 211 The chemical properties of these polymers allow hydrolytic degradation through de-esterification. For example, PLA and PGA can be processed easily, and their degradation rates and physical and mechanical properties are adjustable over a wide range by using various molecular weights, structure, composition, and copolymers.…”

“…For example, PLA and PGA can be processed easily, and their degradation rates and physical and mechanical properties are adjustable over a wide range by using various molecular weights, structure, composition, and copolymers. 207 , 208 , 211 Moreover, the body contains highly regulated mechanisms for completely removing monomeric components of glycolic and lactic acids when these polyesters degrade: glycolic acid is converted to metabolites or eliminated by other mechanisms, whereas lactic acid can be cleared through the tricarboxylic acid cycle. 212 Due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility, PGA and PLA have been approved by the FDA for use in medical devices, such as degradable sutures and other implantable devices.…”