Human security, social stigma, and global health: the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now a global public health threat with many medical, ethical, economic, and socialimpacts. COVID-19 has spread worldwide, to many Asian and Middle Eastern countries, the United Statesof America, and European countries. The current COVID-19 pandemic that has devastated Indonesia, has infected and killed more healthcare workers, in particular doctors and nurses, than any other outbreak in the history of this virus. People have basic needs that must be met for them to feel safe and secure. A history of the outbreak of the COVID-19 is brifley showed, before exploring the impact the virus had in Indonesia. During this exploration, some of the key issues arising from the experiences in Indonesia, in addressing the threat of COVID-19 will be reviewed. Drawing on the COVID-19 as the case study, we consider the ways in which the concept of human security expands understanding of its relationship to health. Further, weshow how major public health issues can evolve into security threats.The final section of the article will be an analysis of the lessons learned from COVID-19 and policy implications in addressing health and human security threats. ABSTRAKPenyakit corona virus 2019 (COVID-19) sekarang menjadi ancaman kesehatan masyarakat global yang berdampak besar terhadap aspek medis, etik, ekonomi, dan sosial. COVID-19 telah menyebar kepenjuru dunia, kebanyak negara Asia dan Timur Tengah, Amerika Serikat, dan negara-negara Eropa. Wabah COVID-19 yang saat ini melanda Indonesia telah menginfeksi dan menewaskan lebih banyak petugas kesehatan, terutama dokter dan perawat, dibandingkan dengan wabah lain yang pernah terjadi dalam sejarah virus ini. Individu mempunyai kebutuhan dasar yang harus dipenuhi agar mereka merasa aman dan terjamin. Terjadinya wabah COVID-19 diulas secara singkat sebelum penulis mengeksplor dampak virus Corona di Indonesia. Beberapa masalah utama yang muncul dari peristiwa wabah COVID-19 di Indonesia yang ditujukan untuk mengatasi jenis ancamannya, akan ditinjau dalam artikel ini. Melalui beberapa studi kasus COVID-19, penulis mempertimbangkan konsep keamanan manusia untuk memperluas pemahaman terkait dengan kesehatan. Selanjutnya, penulis menguraikan bagaimana masalah kesehatan utama masyarakat dapat berkembang mengancam keamanan. Bagian akhir dari artikel ini akan menganalisis pelajaran-pelajaran yang dapat dipetik dari wabah COVID-19, beserta implikasi kebijakan-kebijakan untuk menangani ancaman kesehatan dan keamananmanusia.

Pengalaman Perawat Saat Terkonfirmasi Covid-19 Di Rumah Sakit Dokter H. Mochammad Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin

“…Hal itu menyebabkan orang terkonfirmasi menyembunyikan penyakit-nya. Hasil penelitian (Dwinantoaji & Sumarni, 2020) menyebutkan bahwa sikap masyarakat yang mengucilkan dapat menyebabkan banyak penderita COVID-19 merasa malu jika harus mengakui bahwa mereka terkonfirmasi COVID-19, mereka juga takut akan menyebabkan penderitaan bagi keluarga yang lain karena dijauhi oleh orang di sekitarnya yang khawatir akan tertular.…”

Governance for Human Security: Response to COVID-19 Pandemic in Morang District, Nepal

“…Currently, outbreak of the corona virus has exposed a range of health-related issues like poor hygiene, feeble sanitation, malnutrition, lack of medicines, missing life-saving vaccines, feared health-workers and lack of access to basic healthcare as well. No matter how resilient health system a country has, COVID-19 has hardly hit (Dwinantoaji & DW, 2020). Of course, if one possesses better arrangements, revival and recovery will be relatively faster.…”

“…At this period, people faced challenges to access healthcare facilities, threats to physical integrity and economic insecurity. Health system remained one of the hardly impacted aspect due to COVID-19 pandemic (Dwinantoaji & DW, 2020;Legido-Quigley et al, 2020). This infectious disease ultimately became one of the non-traditional challenge to human security (Dwinantoaji & DW, 2020;Kandel et al, 2020).…”

Fighting against COVID-19 and Fighting against Stigma: A Mini-review

“…Apart from framing the sufferer, one of the causes of this stigma lies in human psychology. It is normal for humans to develop protection for themselves [9]. This desire encourages humans to bring up self-defense mechanisms from something outside themselves.…”

“…As a social problem, stigma has a very significant serious impact as does other diseases such as tuberculosis [9], [10], [11] or HIV/AIDS [12], [13]. At least, due to the stigma that exists, people who are exposed to COVID-19 tend to hide their illness.…”