Hyperkinesis and Learning Disabilities Linked to the Ingestion of Artificial Food Colors and Flavors

Feingold, Ben F.

doi:10.1177/002221947600900902

Cited by 86 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Gıda katkı maddeleri ve benzeri kimyasalların, bazı çocuklarda hiperaktivite ve bazı nöropsikolojik bozukluklara yol açtıklarını bildirmişlerdir. 15 Tartrazin (E102) hazır jöle karışımları, içecek tozları, şekerleme, karides konservesi, hazır kek, kurabiyeler ve alkolsüz içeceklerde kullanı-lan bir renklendiricidir. Lockey 16 Vendanthan ve ark.…”

Section: Gıda Katkı Maddeleri'nin Sağlık üZerine Etkileriunclassified

Gıda Katkı Maddeleri

Karatepe¹,

Ekerbiçer²

2018

Sakarya Medical Journal

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Section: Gıda Katkı Maddeleri'nin Sağlık üZerine Etkileriunclassified

Gıda Katkı Maddeleri

Karatepe¹,

Ekerbiçer²

2018

Sakarya Medical Journal

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“…3This research was approved by the University of Florida Human Subjects Committee. The ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) level of FD&C Yellow #5 is 7.5 mg/kg (Noonan, 1972 (Dubey, 1976;Feingold, 1975aFeingold, , 1976Keogh, 1971;Knobel, 1962;Laufer and renhoff, 1957;Marwit and Stenner, 1972) …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Feingold presented a theory that attributes the behavioral syndrome of hyperactivity to the ingestion of t"salicylate-like" natural compounds in foods and artificial flavors and colors. As a treatment for hyperactivity, Feingold (1975bFeingold ( , 1976 prescribed the K-P diet, which eliminates a wide variety of natural and processed foods, specifically those containing naturally occurring salicylates, e.g., apples, berries, pork, and tomatoes, and all artificial flavors and colors, as well as various items containing artificial flavors and colors, e.g., toothpastes, flavored medications, and mouthwashes. Feingold (1973Feingold ( , 1975a 1975b, 1976) has made claims of dramatic improvements in patients who were treated with the K-P diet.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Functional Relationship Between Artificial Food Colors and Hyperactivity

Rose

1978

J of App Behav Analysis

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The presence of a functional relationship between the ingestion of artificial food colors and an increase in the frequency and/or duration of selected behaviors that are representative of the hyperactive behavior syndrome was experimentally investigated. Two eight-year-old females, who had been on the Feingold K-P diet for a minimum of 11 months, were the subjects studied. The experimental design was a variation of the BAB design, with double-blind conditions. This design allowed an experimental analysis of the placebo phases as well as challenge phases. Data were obtained by trained observers on Out of Seat, On Task, and Physically Aggressive behaviors, as they occurred in the subjects' regular class setting. Results indicated (a) the existence of a functional relationship between the ingestion of artificial food colors and an increase in both the duration and frequency of hyperactive behaviors, (b) the absence of a placebo effect, and (c) differential sensitivity of the dependent variables to the challenge effects.DESCRIPTORS: food additives, dietary management, hyperactive childrenCertain relationships between diet and the physiological health of the body are fairly well understood. Questions, however, are often raised about the dlet's effect on psychological or behavioral manifestations. Recently, Feingold presented a theory that attributes the behavioral syndrome of hyperactivity to the ingestion of t"salicylate-like" natural compounds in foods and artificial flavors and colors. As a treatment for hyperactivity, Feingold (1975bhyperactivity, Feingold ( , 1976 prescribed the K-P diet, which eliminates a wide variety of natural and processed foods, specifically those containing naturally occurring salicylates, e.g., apples, berries, pork, and tomatoes, and all artificial flavors and colors, as well as various items containing artificial flavors and colors, e.g., toothpastes, flavored medications, and mouthwashes. Feingold (1973Feingold ( , 1975a

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“…Diet Treatment of Hyperactivity. Dr. Benjamin Feingold offered the hypothesis that ingestion of artificial (synthetic) food additives (colors and flavors) results in hyperactivity in children (Feingold, 1976). The suggested treatment was based upon the Feingold Kaiser-Permanente (K-P) diet designed to eliminate from the diet all foods containing artificial food additives (Feingold & Feingold, 1979).…”

Section: Table10mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Efficacy of Special Education Interventions and Practices: A Compendium of Meta-Analysis Findings

Kavale¹,

Glass²

2018

Exceptional

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Special education, by definition and in practice, serves an exceptional clientele, provides curricula, utilizes unique materials, and employs distinct methods and techniques for t(?aching. Although these characteristics set it apart, they also raise the question of how effective are the unique procedures used in special education. Mil of sky ( 1974) suggested that, despite the growth in special education over the last quarter century, the results have been less than special. The question: Is special education special?As a discipline, special education has produced a voluminous and variegated data base. The findings from individual studies have proved to be conflicting, variable, and sometimes paradoxical. Special education research, like other domains of inquiry, produces fragile findings. This should not be interpreted, however, to imply that special education research is either inconsequential or devoid of meaning . and inspiration ( Cruickshank, 1978). In fact, Light ( 1979) suggested that agreement in results may not always be the sought after goal, and variation in research findings should not be vilified but, rather, explicated for the possibility of finding important information.The findings from individual studies are best harnessed by systematic synthesis, not by proliferation of primary research. Knowledge must be cumulative, and if accumulated results can provide general and accurate conclusions, policy makers in special education will be in a position to implement decisions with confidence. METHODS OF RESEARCH SYNTHESISIn the past, research synthesis was shaped by the size of the research literature. For example, the question of the efficacy of special versus regular class placement Kenneth Kavale

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Hyperkinesis and Learning Disabilities Linked to the Ingestion of Artificial Food Colors and Flavors

Cited by 86 publications

References 8 publications

Gıda Katkı Maddeleri

Gıda Katkı Maddeleri

The Functional Relationship Between Artificial Food Colors and Hyperactivity

The Efficacy of Special Education Interventions and Practices: A Compendium of Meta-Analysis Findings

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