Canna yellow mottle virus in Canna spp. in Washington State

Abstract

Canna (Canna indica) is an important nursery/landscape plant in Washington State with several nurseries producing canna plants for wholesale and retail businesses. Canna plants showing symptoms such as mottling, general yellowing, and veinal chlorosis were found to be widespread (40% symptomatic plants in a nursery of more than 2,000 plants) in Grant County, WA in September 2007. Symptomatic leaves from five plants of each of the following cultivars were tested: Richard Wallace, Crimson Beauty, Wyoming, Petoria, Pink Beauty, Robert Kemp, and Black Knight. Electron microscopic examination of leaf-dip preparations from symptomatic leaves showed badnavirus-like particles of approximately 120 × 30 nm. A badnavirus, Canna yellow mottle virus (CaYMV) (family Caulimoviridae, genus Badnavirus) from canna was first reported from Japan (4) and later in the United States (1,3). Most recently, CaYMV was reported from Italy and the Netherlands (2). Samples were tested for CaYMV by PCR using CaYMV-specific primers, CaYMV-3 (5′- GAC TTC CTG GGT GCA ACA AT -3′) and CaYMV-4 (5′- TCT GTG CAA TCT TGG CGT AG -3′) (2), which produced a 565-bp amplicon. All samples tested gave the amplicon of expected size. The amplicon from one leaf sample from each of the cultivars was cloned and sequenced. Sequence comparisons with those available in the GenBank confirmed that the sequence obtained was that of CaYMV (95% sequence identity). Increased awareness of the prevalence of CaYMV in nurseries and avoiding the propagation and distribution of infected plants are necessary to minimize the further spread of this virus in canna. References: (1) B. E. L. Lockhart. Acta Hortic. 234:69, 1988. (2) M. T. Marino et al. Online publication. New Disease Reports. http://www.bspp.org.uk/NDR/july2007/2007-08.asp , 2007. (3) M. T. Momol et al. Online publication. doi:10.1094/PHP-2004-0809-01-HN. Plant Health Progress, 2004. (4) S. Yamashita et al. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 51:642, 1985.

Production of discernible disease phenotypes in Canna by five plant viruses belonging to the genera Potyvirus,Cucumovirus and Badnavirus

“…CaYSV is a potyvirus and CaYMV is a badnavirus (Monger et al ., ; Pappu et al ., ). While the genome sequence of CaYSV has been reported, the entire genome of CaYMV is not yet published.…”

“…There are five viruses reported to infect cannas: BYMV, CaYMV, CaYSV, CMV and TAV. Between 1985 and the present, CaYMV and CaYSV have been reported in distant locations (Yamashita et al, 1985;Lockhart, 1988;Momol et al, 2004;Monger et al, 2007;Marino et al, 2008;Pappu et al, 2008). This study was undertaken to learn whether these five viruses were a significant concern for greenhouse producers.…”

“…Further research is needed to understand how potyviruses interact with critical pathway elements involved in foliar pigmentation. CaYSV is a potyvirus and CaYMV is a badnavirus (Monger et al, 2007;Pappu et al, 2008). While the genome sequence of CaYSV has been reported, the entire genome of CaYMV is not yet published.…”

“…These viruses are typically reported as single infections, and very little is known about the frequency of mixed infections in canna. Disease symptoms such as foliar necrosis, striations, mottling and discolouration have been reported (Lockhart, 1988;Fisher et al, 1997;Monger et al, 2007Monger et al, , 2010Hayward, 2008;Pappu et al, 2008). Among canna cultivars, the foliar symptoms can vary significantly making it difficult to distinguish the causal agent for the various disease phenotypes.…”

Badnaviruses: The Current Global Scenario

“…Canna yellow mottle virus (CaYMV) causes yellow mottle disease of canna ( Canna indica ), characterized by vein necrosis and mottling combined with streaking of stem and flowers. The disease was originally reported in Minnesota, Florida, and Washington, USA [ 119 , 120 ] and later in China, Japan, Italy, and the Netherlands [ 121 , 122 ]. A majority of diseased plants remain symptomless, and association of Cucumber mosaic virus and an unidentified flexuous rod-shaped virus was reported in a few cases.…”